What are those chewy cubes found in mango pudding?

It sure as hell isn’t mango.

It could be konjac/konnyaku. It’s a vegetable-derived gel, usually clear when you find it in desserts–sort of like a harder, chewier, more slippery version of gelatin.

It could possibly be dried mango. Like but not entirely the same as actual mango, it’s chewy and kinda weird.

Define pudding, too. Are you talking about a steamed/cake style pudding, or the american style custard-“pudding”?

Could be tapioca.