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In past discussions, I’ve seen it mentioned that paganism is an orthopraxic religion rather than orthodoxic (i.e., the binding elements that everyone adheres to are a set of rituals rather than creeds). But I don’t know if that’s universally true, or only for Wicca. How well does it describe the other faiths?
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In Asatru, it’s fairly mixed. There is a lot of variation within practice of ritual, especially when one considers how diverse belief can be in a group whose members range from extremely folkish (i.e. the in-group of those who are “allowed” to practice Asatru must be of Germanic origin) to the universalists (some of which are refered to as Wiccatru for their combining of both practices into their own spirituality). The term folkish does not firmly declare that Asatru practitioners must be “of the folk” to be accepted, but it does imply in its loosest definition that one must [at the very least] have an understanding of the culture from which these gods and these ideas came from. This in and of itself is standard for a lot of the practitioners that I’ve met that are more serious, but does not mean that they all agree that, in order to understand the cultural POV of the ancient Norse, one must be of Norse heritage. (Personally, a good reading of the sagas, Snorri Sturluson’s work, and other firsthand accounts of old Norse life are a good start to understanding old Norse ethics and practices. It also helps if some of those primary sources have annotations in the translation, as a lot of writers and bards used cryptic verses to add flavor and an element of mysticism to their stories. Reading the history of the peoples would also be a good start, as there isn’t a whole ton of historical anthropology done on the Norse in comparison to other cultures.)
Group ritual generally consists of blot and sumbel, but there are no universally agreed days upon which one must give offerings, do ritual, or perform magic and divination. I’m a miminalist in my own practice, and generally try to at least give offerings both when I feel it is needed (often, when one is called by the gods/land wights, or when one is giving thanks for assistance/advice) and at the solstices and equinoxes. This coincides generally with Yule, Midsummer, Ostara, and Winter Finding, which are celebrated by many Asatruar. However, some Asatruar celebrate other times of the year in addition to this. There’s a lot of variation as to which holidays are celebrated. Some groups practice oracular/divinatory or magical ritual, but it is not as common as groups that do not practice either type of ritual.
What does this mean for me as a solitary practitioner? I try to read and learn more about the historic Norse peoples so that I can have a better understanding of how my spirituality works within the framework of a reconstruction. Now, understanding that I do not live in medieval Scandinavia, I adapt what I can to a more modern practice. I don’t make animal sacrifices, but I do offer food and beverages as part of blot and sumbel. I live in an urban area, which generally means that most of my ritual doings have to be done indoors for the time being. (Maybe if I have an enclosed back yard someday, this will change. It’s a lot easier to have a fire pit and the ground under my feet instead of carpet, a window sill, and a candle.) I don’t really have “ritual tools.” I have several bowls that I use for giving offerings, but they are not specifically consecrated for that purpose. (They’re handy when I cook; why be wasteful?) Communication with other Asatruar (and pagans in general) is helpful for me to have a sense of community, but it’s not mandatory. I’m a bit more pragmatic and have taken towards the practices of a folk practitioner, so I generally feel a little odd in group ritual anyway. (Ever go to a public ritual and feel like everyone’s just making it up? Ever go to one and be offended that the people who set it up don’t understand what they’re trying to do? This isn’t supposed to be playacting.) I don’t use magic for several reasons. 1. I don’t really have a use for it in most of my daily life. 2. I don’t really think it’s a great idea to go meddling regularly with the spirit world. 3. I would be more comfortable in an apprenticeship style learning experience with magic, as, well, I’m inexperienced at best. I know well enough that I do not want to take magic into my own hands without some very knowledgeable person to give me guidance. This is currently an unavailable option for me. Eventually when I feel comfortable enough, I may pursue learning useful bits of folk magic on my own. For now, however, I have other things to learn.