What is "team labor" in 1920?

Factual Questions
1

I was reading the minutes from our city’s 1919-1921 council meetings (yep, good times) and they passed a resolution to pay “40 cents per hour for labor, 80 cents per hour for team labor” for road work.

I first assumed it meant union labor but then I realized they probably couldn’t hire mixed crews. And also there wouldn’t have been union labor teams then.

I really could not find anything on Google, not sure why.

I settled on “team labor” meaning “guys with horses” but I’m still not sure. Would horses have been used to build roads in 1920? Or would it be a carry-over term to mean “guys with mechanical building equipment that would have recently literally been horses”?

I’m not sure if the “team” part even means horses. I’m just guessing, from “Teamsters” which comes from “people who cart stuff using horses.”

2

Yes, guys with teams of horses. Mostly would have pulled grader blades. The kind of mechanical graders and bulldozers we know weren’t developed until the 1930s.

3

Team labor is when the animals do the physical work - might be horses, could also be mules or oxen. Stuff like haulage but in early 20th C roadbuilding could also include pulling graders etc.

And yes, in 1920 these could very easily still be actual horses. Roadbuilding crews between the wars were no doubt some combo of gas tractors (probably a Fordson), animal team haulers and proper steamrollers.