In broad strategic terms, the plan is simple enough. Train Iraqi forces. Put them into the fight alongside U.S. troops. As they get better and gain more capability, scale back the role of the U.S. soldiers. When they are capable of operating on their own, the U.S. soldiers move out and into other areas. If the Iraqis prove incapable of operating on their own, help them some more. Repeat as necessary.
As Iraqi soldiers take up more of the fight, the U.S. soldiers can be withdrawn. Also, since it’s important for the Iraqis to see that it’s their own people fighting to defend them, reduce the visible ‘footprint’ of the Americans by withdrawing them from the cities into bases elsewhere. For instance, I think it might be a good idea to close down the ‘green zone’ and move U.S. operations out to the Baghdad airport.
One day the Iraqis will be completely capable of defending their own country from within, and defending their borders from neighboring states. In fact, eventually I expect Iraq to have perhaps the best and most professional army in the Arab world. But these things take time. Years, no doubt. But long before then , the Iraqi army should be able to take over on a unit-by-unit basis, allowing the U.S. to reduce its footprint to maybe 50,000 soldiers - a number that might be maintained indefinitely. That’s on par with the number of soldiers the U.S permanently based in Germany, Okinawa, and South Korea after those conflicts ended.
This assumes that the Iraqis will want the U.S. to stay in any shape or form. I believe they will for at least several years, but once the Iraqi army is fully autonomous and competant, they may not. And that’s fine.
This has been the plan all along, for at least two years now. The problem has been in the execution. The administration made numerous mistakes - some visible only in hindsight, but many that were obvious at the time. For example, disbanding the Iraqi army after the war. Not fighting the insurgency with a ‘clear and hold’ strategy, but instead fighting in an area until the insurgents were gone, then withdrawing and allowing them to come back in again. Leaving the border open with Syria was another.
These mistakes are being corrected now. The new operational plan, ever since the Anbar campaign started, is to take an area, then move Iraqi soldiers in to hold it while the Americans move on. The fight has now been taken to the Syrian border. The old officer corps is being re-hired back into the Iraqi military, except for those Baathists who were guilty of crimes against humanity or expecially close to Saddam.
The next few months are going to give us a clear indication of whether or not the war is being won or lost. The elections coming up will be crucially important - up until now, every election has been for temporary governments, or for a constitution that is still subject to amendment. So people on the losing end of the election could hope for more negotiation and a better result in a few months. But the next one is the real deal. Next week, a government will be elected for a 4 year term. Then there’s no going back, and no changing it for a while. So, we’ll see how the people react. If the Sunnis come out and vote in large numbers, and as a result get a government that has enough representation of their interests to mollify them somewhat, then we may see a massive shift in support away from the insurgency. At the same time, the Iraqi army is finally getting up to speed, after a year and a half in which the Bush administration fiddled and approached retraining half-heartedly.
Also important are the attitudes at home. Despite what the left wants to claim, there’s no doubt in my mind that seeing the U.S. waver in its support for the war has been a huge boon to the insurgents, and this talk of immediate withdrawal has been a disaster for the war effort.
Imagine you are an Iraqi, and someone asks you to join the military, or the government, or even work in reconstruction. You know that if you do, and the country gets retaken by the Baathists or Islamists, you’re likely to be purged, perhaps along with your family. In that circumstance, your willingness to stick your neck out and help rebuild the country is directly tied to your belief that the new Iraq will survive. But you know that it needs the U.S. at this point to prevent chaos, and you note that some in the U.S. government are calling for withdrawal and calling your country a lost cause. Might you not just decide to sit tight and wait to see what happens?
Now imagine you are an insurgent. Life sucks right now. Every time you go up against the Americans, they kill 20 of your guys for every one of them they lose. You’re also running scared, because the people are starting to turn against you and inform to the Americans. Recruiting is getting tougher as it looks more likely that Iraq will survive as a democracy. Your supposed glorious bombing of the infidels in Jordan turned into a PR disaster. Perhaps you’re thinking that it’s time to lay down arms and work on a political solution.
But then you hear the Americans might pull out. Only 35% support at home. Half the government is starting to waver. And now you think, “It’s working! Omar and Bin Laden were right! The Americans might be infinitely more powerful than us militarily, but they are decadent and weak. They may kill 20 of us for every one they lose, but every soldier they lose hurts their war effort more than if we lose 100! God is on our side. The tide is turning.” Not only that, but if you quit the insurgency and the insurgents eventually win, they might kill you.
So now you fight harder, and the people don’t inform on you as much because they are worried that you might win and they will be killed, and recruiting gets easier because it’s easier to convince people that your cause is not only right, but that it will be successful.
In a war like this more than any other kind of war, support at home is crucial to victory. I think the administration has finally learned that by basically staying out of the debate, they have allowed the Democrats and the media to characterize this war as a debacle, a quagmire, another Vietnam, and that has heavily damaged support at home, and hence the war effort itself. So now they administration is fighting back, and it’s about damned time. If support at home can be shored up, it will help end the war in victory. The only other choice is to end in defeat.