VOTIES, RIGHTS, US CONSTITUTION - a few extracts (and comments)
ARTICLE V
The Congress… shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or… shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified…
(The Amendment articles are part and parcel of the Constitution.)
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ARTICLE I, SECTION 2
The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States…
ARTICLE XVII - Amendment 17
1: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years…
(The US republic’s representatives, both chambers, are to be elected by the people. By voting. Folks disliking democracy have other options. But funny… few people seem anxious to emigrate to non-democratic republics.)
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ARTICLE XV - Amendment 15
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
(That’s pretty general except for women, the poor, under-21s, and Native Americans. The trick here and below is getting Congress to pass and enforce “appropriate legislation”.)
ARTICLE XIX - Amendment 19
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
(Women get to vote. More generally, citizens of any sex get to vote.)
ARTICLE XXIV - Amendment 24
- The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
(Poor folks get to vote, too, but only on Federal election or primary days.)
ARTICLE XXVI - Amendment 26
1: The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of age.
(Eve Of Destruction drove this one: “You’re old enough to kill, but not for votin’.”)
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ARTICLE XIV - Amendment 14
1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.
(This still denied votes to Native Americans; citizenship awaited a 1924 law.)
2: Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers… But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any… inhabitants of such State, being… of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced…
(Denying voting rights means losing representatives i.e. clout. So don’t.)
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OTHER ENUMERATED RIGHTS
ARTICLE I: …securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;
(The following instances of the word ‘right’ not associated with ‘vote’ are found in amendments. Those disliking amendments can chuck-em.)
- Amendment I: …right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
- Amendment IV: …right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures,
- Amendment V: …right of the people to keep and bear Arms…
- Amendment VI: …right to a speedy and public [criminal] trial…
- Amendment VII: …right of [common law] trial by jury…
- Amendment XX: [“rights of choice” of Congress to replace a dead president and VP]
Sorry if I miscounted ‘rights’ in a prior post. Enumerated rights not about voting are: one right for creators, five for the people, and one for Congress. Another five rights specify voting. Legislators are specifically to be chosen by the voters. I’d say these articles establish voting rights in this democratic republic. YMMV.
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Back to topic: WE CAN’T TRUST GOVERNMENTS THAT RIG ELECTIONS AND EXCLUDE VOTERS. That’s the fast answer. DON’T EMPOWER LOSERS. That’s even faster.
How to cleanse US federal, state, and local governments and restore trust? Start by killing gerrymandering, punishing voter suppression, and counting votes honestly. Stalin uttered an uncomfortable truth: IT’S NOT WHO VOTES THAT MATTERS; IT’S WHO COUNTS THE VOTES.
Then probe every politician’s finances; reveal who owns them. And then… sorry, I have no comprehensive program. Not a candidate.