By the TNG era, the Federation is essentially post-scarcity internally. There are a few things that can’t be replicated–latinum, presumably dilithium, things like that–but day-to-day things are freely available, as Simplicio said. So, why would anyone do actual work?
The Eclipse Phase RPG puts forth some interesting ideas about an emergent post-scarcity society. In regions where people have free access to replicators, they can make anything they have a template for (which is a logically necessary limitation on Federation replicators as well–you have to have a pattern for it to work from). So, in a society where everything is available from replicators, what’s in demand?
Novelty. Often in the form of new replicator patterns, but also in terms of new experiences. You can have your “Tea, Earl Grey, hot” whenever you like, and it will always be exactly the same…but what if sometimes you’re in the mood for Ceylon, with a hint of lemon and honey, and there’s no pattern in the replicator library for it? Well, you can probably replicate the ingredients and brew it yourself, tweak it to your tastes, and then save the pattern. If you happen to brew a decent cuppa, that’s probably the easy way. Alternatively, you can look up someone who is known for brewing excellent tea–maybe they even created the pattern for your favorite Earl Grey–and ask them for a pattern. If they don’t have one quite like you want, they can certainly whip up a cup, save the pattern and send it to you, probably better and easier than you can do it yourself.
So, what do they get out of it? If you happen to be a famous starship captain, they get some bragging rights, I suppose. Otherwise, well, you owe them a small favor. Maybe a planet on your itinerary boasts an herb that isn’t in the replicator library, and they want to try to make a new tea with it, so you pick up a sample while you’re there and send them the pattern.
In An Gadaí’s waiter example–maybe the waiter is a foodie, and likes to try new things, but is a terrible cook. They strike a bargain with a chef who wants to run an old-fashioned restaurant with live staff; in exchange for waiting tables, they get to be the first to try the chef’s new recipes. At another level of indirection, maybe the waiter isn’t a foodie, but is into fashion, and the chef’s brother is a fashion designer; in exchange for waiting tables, the waiter gets the chef to call in a favor for a new outfit design.
That all sounds rather convoluted, right? Well, a measure of abstraction would almost certainly arise. In Eclipse Phase, the barter system has evolved into a reputation system. Everyone is tied into various social networks, and they have rep scores in each network. If they contribute to the network and do things for other members, they get a good reputation, and other members will do things for them in return. If they have a bad reputation, they’re regarded as a moocher, and no one will do anything for them except on a strict barter basis.
With a reputation system, the tea example would work more like this–
Picard@TeaNet: I usually favor Earl Grey, but I’m looking to try a Ceylon with just a hint of lemon and honey. Does anyone have a pattern?
Teageek@TeaNet: It’s my specialty–here you go. <Attachment: CeylonLH.template>
Picard@TeaNet: Thank you kindly. <TeaGeek@TeaNet rep+1, TeaGeek@StarfleetSocial rep +10> (Since Picard has a much higher rep at StarfleetSocial than at TeaNet, his thumbs up counts for more.)
Teageek@StarfleetSocial: Is anyone going to be visiting Enkara soon? I’d really like a pattern for a leaf from one of the lake trees.