What's the biggest amount of money the U.S. government could raise on short notice?

You’re forgetting the accumulating interest on the debt. It’s going to take longer than you think. (Basically at least a doubling with even lowish interest.)

But I didn’t say 100% taxation did I? I said the maximum of the Laffer Curve which is decidedly NOT 100%.

The Swiss National Bank’s balance sheet is almost 120% of Swiss GDP.

I don’t think you’re going to find two economists who will even agree on what the Laffer curve looks like, so you’re not going to find a consensus on any projections based on it. But the tax rates I mentioned were 14% and 19%. I think most people would agree that those are below any theoretical maximum.

The Laffer Curve is one of the least respected notions in Economics. Which, given this is Ecnomics, says a lot. It oversimplifies an immense number of factors. It appeals to people who have an attitude towards simplification similar to Flat Earthers.

The idea behind what I said was assuming the government set up the perfect theoretical tax structure to maximize revenue.

During WW1 and WW2, governments raised money by selling “war bonds” and other such devices. I guess - if interest rates were more attractive - they could sell “COVID-19 bonds” (or some such name).

Hey, look what’s back:

Personally, I think they should mint a trillion $1 coins. And fund that with a single bazillion dollar coin made from adamantium.