It’s from Scott Adams and the Dilbert Newsletter. At least, that’s the earliest I ever saw it. It first appeared in Dilbert Newsletter 17.0, August 1997:
It’s been used on Usenet for longer than that, in newsgroups like talk.bizarre and alt.folklore.urban. A Google Groups search shows the term first becoming common in 1993. In this post from that year, someone claims he’s been using the term since 1989.
I first noticed it in the professional journals I get. These journals spell the word “coworker” which to me (if I didn’t know better) looks like it ought to be pronounced cow-orker. I’ve been getting the journals now for over 10 years.
I suspect the “cute” spelling comes from a lot of other people looking at the unhyphenated word and thinking the same thing I did.
Agreed. I think it’s just a consequence of the trend toward dropping the hyphenation from “co-worker”; the pronunciation suddenly appears ambiguous. Similarly, I always think “shortlist” looks like an expert in shortling.