A couple of final comments from me, since I’ve just realized that we’re in GQ, and this whole conversation probably belongs somewhere else. Anyway, no harm done I hope, since the original question was covered pretty comprehensively.
Descriptivism per se is simply the scientific process of describing language empirically, it is linguistics. In itself, it does not involve making value judgments about language. However, it’s certainly true that a deeper scientific understanding of language can have a strong influence on one’s values.
There’s a strong negative correlation between belligerent prescriptivist tendencies and knowledge of scientific linguistics. To the extent that prescriptivists do try to make empirical claims, more often than not they are quite wrong (see Pinker’s “Language Mavens” chapter in The Language Instinct, or Geoff Pullum’s evisceration of Strunk & White). On the other hand, people who have greater expertise in linguistics usually tend to be much more circumspect about making strong value judgments. In part, that’s where the misconception that “descriptivism means anything goes” arises from: if a prescriptivist makes a spurious claim that a “rule” exists, the first inclination of a linguist is to examine (and often demolish) the supposed objective foundation for the claim, rather than necessarily to express any strong personal value judgment about the aesthetics of the matter.
Why is that? In principle, there’s no reason that one can’t be an expert linguist, study language empirically as it is actually spoken, and also have opinions (even strident opinions) about how language should be spoken.
Well, I think it’s not difficult to understand. A scientific appreciation for how language really works allows you to appreciate the complexity of the real empirical rules of language, how they evolve spontaneously to reach consensus across wide social groups, and how all dialects have different but equally rich grammars. When you understand that language looks after itself in spontaneous and remarkable ways, I think it’s natural that the last thing you feel much inclination to do is to try to tell language how to behave. When a linguist encounters diversity within a dialect, his first reaction is likely to be “that’s curious” rather than to decry one variant as deviant. I’m genuinely mystified about how annoyed and angry so many people can get in their insistence that this way of speaking is right and pure whereas that way of speaking is wrong and ignorant: it’s clear that there’s a social subtext involved. I honestly can’t recall ever being annoyed at the way anyone speaks - not through virtue or liberal values, I honestly just don’t think about it in that way. When people speak in different dialects, when young people start using language differently, or even when people make true errors, it’s just interesting to understand how it works, and I don’t feel that civilization is in jeopardy.
Wolfpup, since you’re someone who’s so invested in language per se, and you’re at a level of far greater sophistication than the typical ignorant prescriptivist, what puzzles me is why you don’t seem to share this fundamental scientist’s attitude of curiosity when you encounter the diversity of language, and why instead you apparently choose to expend so much energy on wanting to purify it.