Well…The service included in France actually doesn’t mean that it goes to the waiter’s pocket. It’s related to the bar/restaurant owners adding a “service” to their posted prices, long ago, resulting in the patron having eventually to pay more than he expected. So including the so-called “service” in the displayed prices has been made mandatory.
Actually, the owner can or cannot add these “service” fees to the waiters paychecks. It has some consequences on taxes for him, but I don’t know any specificics. In most cases he keeps them. Actually, even french people are mostly unaware of it and assume the “service” goes to the waiter in some way.
The regular waiter (as opposed to the student working one month in summer in some vacation resort or the illegal immigrant) is doing a lifelong job (not just doing that while a student or in between two “real” jobs). He’s paid more than the minimum wages (sometimes much more, but usually not), hence isn’t supposed to rely on tips for his living. Nor he’s taxed on the basis of some expected percentage of tips. He’s supposed to include the actual tips in his income, but I assume in most case he’ll underestimate them.
Tips aren’t unknown in France. But there isn’t any “mandatory” and generally agreed upon rule. Some people never tip, some always do except in the worst situations, some will give roughly the same amount whatever could be the price of the meal, others some guestimated percentage of the bill, other will leave the spare change, whatever… And since a waiter isn’t expected to rely on tips for his living, nobody will mind not leaving anything if the service was poor. Anyway, nobody would consider giving a 20% tip.
I would assume that a lot of french people won’t be able to grasp the concept of tips=mandatory, and will feel like it’s a a kind of scam or rip off if someone tells them so (even I would suspect if the fact that waiters doesn’t make the minimum wages or are taxed on the basis of expected tips is explained to them. Cultural habbits are very resilient).
On a related note, in the company I work for, tips paid for bussiness meals can’t be reimbursed. So, if someone gives a 20% tip during a bussiness trip in the US because he knows it’s “mandatory” there, the money will come from his pocket, not from the company’s.
Finally, I don’t buy in the theory relying on tips = better service. First because apparently in a mandatory tipping system people feel compelled to give a tip even when the service was poor. Second, and more importantly, because in a non-mandatory tipping system, like in any job, if a waiter’s service is consistently poor, and he pisses off patrons, his boss will fire him. So, mandatory tips or not, the waiter is expected to do correctly his job. I mean, I assume you expect your clerck bank to do his job, even though you don’t tip him…