In a sense.
You could trace current power relationships and technological advances to older states, which came from kingdoms, which ultimately came from warlords convincing men to kill others for him for whatever reason so they can control land (which, really, is the job title of any leader). Different relationships, different beneficiaries. You mentioned cavemen, but you can get even more sophist. A rat-like creature deciding to mate with a different rat-like creature 145 million years ago changes all of human history. Or a particle vibrates differently 13 billion years ago. Or maybe everything is determined from the start, so there’s no maybe about it.
What this has to do with tax ideology I have not a clue. Let’s say taxing the wealthy x% to use for program Y is better for society. What does it matter if it’s unearned or not? Would you have a guilty conscience or something if it was earned? It’s not like paying tribute is some cold instrument invented during the enlightenment. That’s one of the reasons having a bunch of armed men controlling a large area of land was always so useful.