If one subscribes to hebrew theology (in its purest form) one realizes that the “soul” is the totality of one’s being.
Genesis maintains that Yah made a body for Adam out of the dust of the earth and breathed the breath of life into it, and at that point, Adam “became a living soul.” When one dies, the breath of life (which is generic and not stamped with a person’s identity) returns to Yah. The body, made of dust, returns to dust.
The Pharisee sect and the Christians maintain that one can be resurrected. Immortal life is a gift given to those who receive it. No one was or is immortal before this gift is given. I would suppose at the moment of resurrection that the breath of life returns in some fashion, though its qualities may be different the second time around, since one is now immortal when before they were mortal.
The concept of the “immortal soul” is not Hebrew in origin. it is Greek. This idea got mingled into Hebrew beliefs during the Hellenization of the Hebrews. Hellenization happened as the Greeks sought to unify their beliefs with those of the Hebrews in order to promote stability in the Greek world. The basic idea was to convince the Hebrews that Yah is the same as their Zeus–and the angels were the same as the Greek lesser Gods, etc., so that the only difference between their two religions is simply point of view.
Therefore “breath of life” became the greek “immortal soul;” the grave became Hades; Heaven became Elysian fields. Modern Christianity is very remiss, in my opinion, for claiming to base its theology on Hebrew theology + the teachings of Jesus. Half of its concepts come straight from greek mythology, and they believe this is proper because some Hebrews were deceived during the Hellenization as though everything every Hebrew ever believed is Yah’s own truth.
In short, to the Hebrews before the Greeks poisoned their culture and religion, there was no such thing as a spirit, immortal, that resides in our bodies that is indelibly stamped with our individuality. They just never had that concept, and what they called a “soul” is a synonym for our word “person.”
That’s one of the reasons I reject mainstream Christianity–It’s half warmed over Greek mythology, and the practitioners of it do not even understand it, nor, for the most part, do they care–but they’ll sure get upset over such “heresy” such as what I here state and defend their greek mythology as the truth.