which countries have a military national service?

Finland has mandatory service for all males which has to be completed before the 28th birthday, but it’s usually done at the age of 18 or 19. More than 80% actually do armed service. The others get a free pass due to a medical condition or are conscientious objectors. The conscientious objectors have to take a short course and do about a year of work for something like a hospital, library or school. Those that refuse this go to jail.

A few years ago it was changed so that most ordinary soldiers serve for 6 months. Some with special duties (drivers, medics, MPs, etc) do 9 or 12 months. Those who get leadership training are also in service for 12 months.

There are also refreshers after the actual service. They should be about 5 years apart but it’s quite easy to weasel out of them, some are even voluntary.

Estonia still has conscription http://www.mil.ee/index_eng.php