A lot of countries permit citizens living overseas to vote in elections of the national legislature. Normally, these votes are counted as if they came from a particular inland electoral district (typically whatever district the citizen was last resident in before moving abroad, though rules vary from country to country). France and Italy are unusual in that they partition the rest of the world into foreign constituencies, each of which elects its own dedicated representatives to the legislature. France has eleven foreign districts, each of which sends one representative to the National Assembly, and Italy has four foreign districts, each of which returns one or two members to the Senate and one to five to the Chamber of Deputies.
Are there any other countries that have these sort of foreign constituencies? Is there a full list?
The only country they mention as having what you’re talking about, apart from the ones you mentioned, is Columbia, where one Representative is elected by foreign registered citizens.
It’s my understanding that France’s foreign districts are districts like any other, which just happen to be geographically separated from the rest of the country. So a Frenchman in French Guiana, for instance, would vote in French Guiana, in much the same way that an American in Alaska would vote in Alaska. But that would have no relevance for a French ex-pat living in the US, or somewhere else outside of any French district.
No, the overseas districts (e.g. st pierre et Miquelon) are differs from the representatives for French citizens abroad. For example French citizens in the US and Canada are an electoral district.