I’ve always thought of rock and roll as a uniquely Anglo-American idiom, which sort of evolved in parallel paths in the US and UK and then eventually converged, and it was really in the UK that they converged. To me, the Beatles were the turning point. I know this subject could be debated to death, but my position, which I will hold firm unless convinced otherwise, is that the Beatles set the precedent for what we now know as rock music. That means that the British can lay claim to most of the greatest rock bands, and America is collectively in second place. In my opinion.
That’s just a preamble to the actual question I’m asking - and I realize that too may be a matter of opinion. But I’m not really asking “who is your favorite American rock band”, I’m pondering which of them might actually be worthy of the title, based upon objective criteria such as musicianship, a coherent body of work, and continuing influence.
Based on those criteria, my top pick would be the Grateful Dead. It’s not just that I consider them the greatest American rock band, I also consider them the most American rock band, if that makes any sense. They drew so extensively from the cumulative body of American folk music, liberally referenced all manner of arcane American history and folklore, and even the color scheme that is most popularly associated with them is red, white, and blue (comprising the iconic “stealie”, or to non-'heads, “that logo with the skull and thunderbolt.”) Presumably the one that Don Henley saw on a Cadillac. I mean, what other band could have come up with a song like U.S. Blues?
The fact that the Dead have had such longevity (which is sometimes just dismissed as commercialism) speaks to their lasting influence and the timelessness of their music. They also explored a variety of musical styles. All of them were or are excellent musicians in terms of technical ability. Their surviving members are still actively playing. I’m 31 and I routinely meet people 10 years younger than me or more, who love the Dead. I’m not sure I can say that about any other rock band besides the Beatles.
Close behind the Dead would be the Beach Boys. I think Pet Sounds and Smile are as musically superlative as anything the Beatles ever created. What makes them problematic for this category, though, is that Brian Wilson’s outsized influence blurs the line between “band” and “solo artist.” There isn’t really any other member of the Beach Boys who I would call a stellar musician (although I have an abiding love for Carol Kaye’s bass playing.) It’s kind of like Harry Nilsson - if his music were created by 4 guys instead of just him, I would have no problem naming them as a top contender for greatest American rock band. But they’re not a band, they’re just Harry Nilsson.
I’ve seen both The Doors and Jefferson Airplane floated as claimants to the title, but I don’t think either of them are really that exceptional. They both have a number of great songs, but nothing approaching the Beatles or the Grateful Dead or Brian Wilson at his peak of songwriting and arranging.
Don’t even say The Eagles. Don’t even think it.