Who was the first culture to make marriage an institution?

Lemur, I think we may be agreeing on more than we are disagreeing on- specifically, the fact that whoever is slaying-the-mastadon is not necessary the one with power. Here’s an article that suggests both a larger role for women in slaying-the-mastadon and a larger role for gathered foods in nutrition. Hey, it’s in Discover magazine, but don’t hold that against it.

I did find a lot of sites that stated that humans evolved on a diet of vegetable and fish protein with essential supplemental meat. Here’s one
It stated that game animals provided approximately 30% of the stone age diet. To be sure, many of these sites have a nutritional agenda, but I don’t know if that affects their stats.

Squish, I know you know that the medival longbow was of absolutely no use to prehistoric hunter-gatherers, but just out of curiousity, was it ever used for hunting? Or just in combat.

Damn. The Discover link takes you to their search archives page. Sorry. The article I referenced is searchable; It’s “New Women of the Ice Age” by Heather Pringle. 1998.

Also, in a drought or other poor growing conditions, game animals can not be a substitute for lost vegetable protein- they are starving or migrating!

Again, I reiterate that I am not talking about the far North tundra where fish and sea mammals are the dietary staples, but I want to point out that even there lichens and berries play a role in diet, and women have been known to hunt and fish.

A simple (as opposed to compound) bow is a bow is a bow. Why do you say a bow was of no use to hunter-gatherers?

To answer your question, until guns became affordable and fairly reliable, Western cultures used bows (along with slings, snares and traps) for hunting.

I didn’t say a bow was not used by hunter-gatherers.

I asked if the medieval longbow was ever used for hunting (bear in mind I know approximately jack-shit about weapons history). So I guess that the terms simple and compound distinguish between what I associate medieval longbows with (invented sometime after 1000; used at Agricourt) and what Robin Hood hunted with? I thought it just meant…number of bowstrings.

Not much to do with the OP, but…we have no OP and can talk about what ever we want!

I can see that. :wink:

Until the invention of the compound bow (in which the bow is made of separate pieces which work together to provide a better effort/power ratio), bows didn’t change much except for variations in material and slight variations in size (excluding the cross-bow, of course).

Still, why do you think hunting was inefficient? If something doesn’t work, it’s discarded, right? But people have hunted from prehistory right down to the present age.

Define innefficient. Assuming our hunters cuold take some large game, say, once a month, would they be ineffeicient? Not if someone else was gathering roots (which keep a lot better) right along. That way, there would be a guaranteed source of food as well as frequent feasts. While this model fits a little too neatly into the Honeymooners paradigm, it would still generally provide an efficient way to keep a small band of people fed. Also, if those hunters happened to stumble across an area rich in edible plants, so much the better.

In any case, this sort of arrangement would lead to a more equal relationship between men and women. Did they mate for life? And did they undergo some ceremony to declare to everyone that they were mating for life? I don’t know.

Sua, that is exactly my point! If someone cares to posit a second theory and support it in debate, I will be very pleased to compare, analyze and possibly be persuaded. But, so far, no one has. My post specifically stated that I would be pleased to apply Occam’s Razor in choosing between the theory I presented and a second theory presented by someone else…and that possible comparison was the only reason I mentioned OR in the first place. So…did you actually read my post or just react to a couple words that punched your buttons?

By the way, Occam’s Razor, as originally suggested by Aristotle and re-stated by William of Occam in the 14th Cent. specifically says “Plurality should not be assumed without necessity.” Your definition is actually a later rewording and interpretation.

So, my challenge remains: Anyone got a better idea? One that doesn’t depend on testosterone-induced outrage?
:wink:

saiorse, my point is that hunting and gathering were co-efficient. sugaree, unless I am mistaken, is arguing that gathering is more efficient than hunting.

Yes, Satygrahi, despite you pathetical sex-baiting:

Humans in most societies engaged in permanent sexual liasons. It might not have been quite as formal as today, but there it was. Whether there was polygamy is anyone’s guess. Probably somewhere it existed, but most men could not wed more than one woman.

Men and women damn well knew what sex meant: babies. It is a natural, even simple assumption: Women who don’t have sex will never have children. Only post-pubescent men and women can produce offspring. Hunter-gatherers who’ve never been contacted by the outside world know this. I can’t be sure that mere base animals don’t.

Men mostly hunted, women gathered (invarying amounts dependant on the territory. Men usually got more honor than women and more status, for having a harder job. Women provided more overall calories, but men provided the better energy source. The gathering kept you above starvation, the hunting made it all worthwhile.

Yes. And it has already been stated.
(And notice how simple it is.)

  1. Human physiology indicates that the normalized sexual relationship between males and females is a medium to long term putatively exclusive relationship (although both parties gain advantage if they are able to cheat without getting caught). This far predated agriculture - indeed it likely predated the rise of H. Sapiens sapiens;

  2. When this was ritualized into a formalized marriage is literally impossible to determine, as it predates writing, and a marriage ritual does not leave behind identifiable archeological evidence.

See how much easier that is than your rigamorale?

Sua

I never said hunting was inefficient. I said it was possible and in some places quite probably that game animals would not make up the bulk of the diet. When we speculate on early societies (and speculate is all we can do) is this image of Og dragging the mastadon home to the anxious womenfolk, when the truth is that anyone who could walk could pull up a yam and scrape some grubs off a rock.

Animal products were vital to the prehistoric diet- you can’t be a healthy vegan unless you have a well-stocked grocery store with regular shipments that enable you to mix and match your protein. But a slab of meat wasn’t the be all and end all survival- quite the contrary. And this scenario I am proposing opens up more possibilities re prehistoric gender relations.

If a few of the above sentences seem a little incomplete, insert a “, there” or an “of”.

I was reading you wrong then, sugaree, and I apologize.

No need to apologize. My husband keeps telling me I need to improve my communication skills.

smiling, how can you possibly accuse Satyagrahi of “pathetical [sic] sex-baiting” when Lemur first accused him of “neo-feminist woolly-head theorizing” and you accused him of a “Feminist” agenda.

Proviso: I have no expertise whatsoever in this area, so I have no idea how credible Satya’s post was or wasn’t, or what feminists or any other scholars have said on the subject.

What I can say though is that the conduct of some of the posters in this thread was absurdly aggressive and rude.

Satyagrahi is a new poster, has made no claims to special expertise, but writes a fairly breezy reply to the OP
concluding with the following disclaimer:

*" All this is a summary OTOH and is, of course, a complex subject. It has been written about widely in sociological and paleontological works and a search in Google would probably come up with any number of good cites. At this hour of the morning, I’m too groggy… :slight_smile: " *

To this innocuous if debatable post, you guys come out full barrels with your feminist-bashing and, just generally obnoxious, hostility. You provide no specifics of your own and, in particular, no cites of the alleged feminists that you are impugning.

What, btw, Lemur is “neo-feminism”–a term that I find rather bizarre in this context?

Satyagrahi responds civilly enough, explaining that he learned of this view in college c. 1962. He disclaims any specifically feminist orientation on the matter at hand, and says he has an open mind:

" I note that no one has come up with an alternative theory more persuasive than the OP’s “Who the heck knows?” So suggest something else, support it, and I’ll happily go with Occam’s Razor."

What does he get for his politeness but a dose of Sua who, in a post even more egregiously windy and dyspeptic than than Sua’s usual fare, proceeds to lecture Satya on this offhand remark as though the OP were actually on the etymology of Occam’s Razor.

By this point only a saint would have not given as good as he was getting, and in my opinion, Satya gave you guys much better than you deserved.

Once again, I’m not defending the content of Satya’s post–to which I might have objected myself on a number of grounds.

I’m suggesting conduct unbecoming–to reasonable adults in a forum supposedly dedicated to fighting ignorance.

It appears what we need to be fighting in this case is arrogance: in the form of cocky non-debate, unsupported anti-feminist grumbling, and childish posturing.

Talk about pathetical ;).

I won’t deny it: I most certainly think he (or she, I can’t see any profiles) is dead wrong and possibly trolling, if not intellectually lazy. That said, I may have been overzealous.

Why should I have to provide cites? The onus is still on Satygrahi to provide some for his/her side. Lets see some that aren’t from a “feminine studies” book and we’ll talk.

I guess everybody is a bit agressive because this is a complete crackpot theory. Assumptions based on assumptions based on assumptions anbd a healthy dose of daydreaming mixed in with that.
Beside that the theory is dumped on us with the addition that as long as we can’t disprove it, it is a viable theory.

Btw, the old idea that h-g was a rough fight against the elements and agriculture so much more efficient in providing food, is nearly dead, I think.
Next to hunting an abundance of wild-life why do you think people struck up camps alongside rivers? Fishing is dead easy , you leave your trap in the river in the morning, in the evening you pick it up. Hey Presto! an evening meal.
Plus it is easy to preserve fish, smoke it or dry it, for the winter.

"Beside that the theory is dumped on us with the addition that as long as we can’t disprove it, it is a viable theory.

First of all, Latro, Satyagrahi didn’t insist on your disproving him; he said he that he would apply Occam’s Razor in comparing his theory to one provided by someone else. Thanks to Sua, we know exactly what Satya meant by that ;).

Second, so long as you can’t disprove, it is a viable theory. Conversely, if it’s a “crackpot” theory, it should be very easy to disprove.

Bear in mind, the tiny amount of knowledge I have on this subject was from reading a classic (1975) article by a feminist anthropologist. It’s been a few years since I read it, so I’d have to do some checking to restate some of its points; and the article has never been put on the web to my knowledge.

As I recall though, the author specifically says that there has never been a known society in which women have been dominant; and she explains why it is that matriarchal societies aren’t really societies in which women are dominant, or even equal to men, in a substantive sense.

So I imagine that were this feminist anthropologist posting with us today that she would have some grounds on which to cast doubt on what Satya has given us.

This brings me to my reply to smiling.

smiling, thanks very much for your civil reply. I do appreciate it.

I highly doubt that Satya was trolling since he was not resopnsible for the OP. He didn’t exhibit anything like the demeanor of a troll, and that’s why I so strongly objected to the treatment he was receiving.

" Why should I have to provide cites? The onus is still on Satygrahi to provide some for his/her side. Lets see some that aren’t from a “feminine studies” book and we’ll talk."

Well Satya did offer to come up with some cites. It’s possible he wasn’t able to find any; it’s possible he did some research and changed his mind. But in either case it’s also possible that he was hounded off the board for no good reason.

My big problem with your position is encapsulated in your second sentence.

What if Satya did draw his information from a feminist scholar?

BTW, I’ve never heard of “feminine studies.” As distinct disciplines there is women’s studies (or woman studies as it’s sometimes called); there’s gender studies, and then there is what’s generally called a “feminist” approach to existing disciplines whether that be anthropology, literature, history or what have you. Much like Lemur’s “neo-feminism,” your use of such a term suggests that you really don’t know very much at all about feminist scholarship. Possibly nothing at all.

How, therefore, can you assume that it is so erroneous?

It is simply ignorant to assume that feminist scholarship will be false simply because it is feminist scholarship. There is, on the contrary, a great deal of feminist scholarship that is very highly thought of–in addition to some stuff that is debatable and controversial. Where warranted, the latter do tend to fall out of favor, like discarded theories in every discipline.

There are many, many, many different positions within what can loosely be called feminist–inside and out of academia. There are also a lot of longstanding debates between different feminist positions. There is no single monolithic “feminism.” Still less a single monolithic “neo-feminism” or “feminine studies” ;).

Your initial response to Satya suggests that you have, at hand, some reliable evidence that what Satya posted derives from some sort of “feminist” agenda. Can you cite that evidence? If not, you really shouldn’t be saying such things; or when you say them you should make clear that they are an impression you’d formed rather than something you know authoritatively.

(On the same grounds, I’d say, that Satya should have made clear from the start that what he was offering was a debatable theory.)

Yes but that is the whole point.
There is absolutely NO proof to be had on anything regarding sociology from this period.

This is PRE-history, thus no written sources. Therefore it is not easy to disprove and why we are a little mad.

Exactly. We cannot assume that society was vastly different before agirculture without extrordinary evidence. What pissed me off was that SG presented his view as established fact. I went out of my way to point out that there isn’t much evidence for anything about sex-relations.

Logically, we should lightly and consciously assume things haven’t changed too much. Not as fact, but as the simplest statement.