It’s definitely messy, and one could argue from my definition that the first tranche of complainants aren’t participating in a cancel effort. However, cancellations happen in real time and if thousands of people are all piling on one person (say, on Twitter), then the vast majority of them would see the prior messages and know that the point they’re about to make has already been repeatedly made. At that point, it’s up to them whether or not they proceed. If they do then I think it’s fair to say they’re coordinating. They’re aware of the existence of the mob (which the first few posters may not be) and they’re willingly adding their voices to the cacophony.
True, and I think that’s another reason why coming up with a concrete definition of cancel culture is so difficult. Quite a lot of it is subjective. What I consider to be an almighty fuss over nothing, you might consider a genuine scandal in need of social correction, or vice-versa. The definition I’ve ventured isn’t all-encompassing, it’s just my best effort given my current level of knowledge of the phenomenon.
For me, this is a textbook example of a good cancellation. Calling Michelle Obama an “Ape in heels” is appallingly racist and if the mayor of my town vocally approved of that kind of bigotry I’d want them out. The most charitable and empathetic reading of that incident is pretty much identical to the least charitable and empathic reading, as far as I can tell.
Contrast that with the incident I mentioned to iiandyiiii about a hundred posts ago. About a week after Megyn Kelly asked why blackface was offensive on national TV, a woman attended a Halloween party in blackface with a name tag reading “Hi! I’m Megyn Kelly”. Here, the charitable and uncharitable readings differ wildly. The uncharitable reading is that the woman is a shameless bigot who doesn’t care about black people’s feelings. The charitable reading is that she does care about black people’s feelings and was actually criticizing Megyn Kelly’s racial obliviousness, but didn’t know that wearing blackface is inexcusable, even if one is doing it satirically.
My guiding principle here is “Never attribute to malice what can be equally explained by stupidity”. Therefore, if someone is accused of racism (or any other kind of bigotry or foolishness), and there’s clear daylight between a charitable interpretation of their actions and an uncharitable interpretation, then, all else being equal, we should favor the charitable one. However, all too often I see people doing the reverse.