They both work on the principals but the halogens are usually alot smaller. I’m talking about the ones in your cars headlights, the ones in painters lights or even the ones in a spotlight. Also why do almost all normal incandescents have the distinctive pear shape. Just because thats the way edison made his lightbulb?
One principle is different. In Halogen bulbs, the bulb envelope (the clear external part) is closer to the filament, runs much hotter, and because of the halogen gas inside, filament tungsten that vaporizes off the filament and condenses on the inside of the envelope re-enters the gas system instead of darkening the envelope. In fact halogen bulb envelopes are generally fused silica instead of glass, so they can handle the higher temperature.
At least this is how I understand it.
Incandescents have to screw into the socket at the bottom, but have to have the glass far away enough from the filament to not overheat, hence the shape. Smaller wattage bulbs are often longer and narrower, and vanity bulbs are nearly spherical except for the socket thread at the bottom.
Here’s a video of the Halogen cycle in operation.