Oven doors are normally wider than they are taller also. A bottom hinged door only swings out into your space the height of the door. A side hinged would swing out the entire width which is probably not desired.
And the broiler can generate a significant amount if smoke if the door is left closed. Cracking the door open the door allows the smoke to be more controled and monitored.
And to an American, grilling always refers to food sitting on some sort of hot surface with a heat source underneath. Usually, the surface is a metal grid, like a BBQ grill, but it can also be a solid surface in some contexts (e.g., a grilled cheese sandwich is cooked on a solid surface).
Many (most?) commercial ovens that have side hinged doors have 2 doors half-width doors that meet in the middle. They’re connected by a sprocket & bicycle chain mechanism so they move in unison.
Ref some comments above, switching consumer ovens to that versus a single bottom hinged door would increase costs. Twice as many hinges, twice as many seals, twice as many parts to hand during assembly, plus they door sync mechanism.
On the plus side there wouldn’t be a need to build and stock left- and right-sided models. Nor to provide for a door and hinges that can be swapped L vs R in the field. Oven door hinges are a lot more involved than are the simple pin-in-hole hinges used on consumer refrigerator doors.
On of my bros is an emergency repairman for restaurants. Something goes haywire in the kitchen, whether it’s an appliance problem, a plumbing problem, or an electrical or gas problem he’ll be there with lights and siren to rescue your day’s revenue.
He says you haven’t lived until you’ve been running a large power snake down the grease encrusted floor drain in front of the hot line during the dinner rush while everybody is splashing around in 4" of greasy water carrying hot pots and pans over you as you’re crouched down trying to run the snake and stay out of the way and not get burned.
He fixes those door sync mechanisms pretty regularly. They love to get gummed up w greasy smoke. Which is where I got the contention those are commonplace.
I’ll have to ask him how common they really are versus the two separate doors. I can certainly see plusses and minuses to each design.
When I am pulling something out of the oven, I often put it first onto the door, reset the oven pads more securely and move it to the top of the stove. With pizzas, I will put a cutting board down on the oven door and slide the pizza onto it.
All true, except for modern Bosch ovens that turn the bloody broiler element off if the door is open! They also shut it off if it gets too hot by their definition. Which makes them almost useless as true broilers.
I note that they can’t even keep their own story straight here:
If nothing else, I like to keep the door open in order to monitor what’s going on. I often toast bread or buns, and you can’t be opening the door every 10 seconds to check on them.
I wonder if this is a new thing for code of some kind, as it seems as though this complaint is across a range of brands.
Dishwashers and ovens both need to be loaded with large horizontal trays. There’s not a lot of room for flexibility in a dishwasher’s design, but I think an oven can be loaded and unloaded more easily through a partially open bottom-hinged door than a partially open side-hinged door.