My mother was a poll worker when I was growing up so I’ve been watching the process for 50 years. Here in Upstate New York the only thing that has changed in all that time is the level of technology.
Back in the 1950s, polling places were set up in permanent shacks on small vacant lots owned by the city. They were used only for primaries and election days. Heat came from a stove which never worked well, though I don’t remember whether it was coal or wood. There were four poll workers, two from each party. (Third parties were essentially non-existent at the time.) Mechanical lever machines were used. At the end of the long voting day (6am-9pm) they read the totals off the machine and gave them to a poll watcher who took the totals to the city or county.
The technology today is machine-readable fill-in dots, the polling places are in public buildings, but the process is almost identical in every other way. It’s one of the most old-fashioned legacy systems extant in the U.S.
My experience tells me that most of the oddities that people from other countries see about our voting stem from our incredibly complex ballots. Although there are some local and state exceptions, the overwhelming number of all elections decided every year take place on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
This year, there will be the Presidency, a Senate race, a House race. There will be county races, city races, and judgeships. There will be state races, special district races, and school district races. There will be propositions or initiatives or constitutional amendments. Ballots may have 20, 30, or who knows who many different positions to vote on. Each office may have 6, 8, 12 parties contesting them. Here in New York State we have what might be the unique system of allowing candidates to be nominated by several parties, so you can roam all over the ballot and pick the same name from half a dozen different lines. There is no option to vote for all the candidates of one party as there is in some states. There all takes many times longer than just walking in and choosing a president. It’s like reading a multi-page menu at a Chinese restaurants, where there are hundreds of dishes with tiny variations. I’m sure than most people have never seen what their actual ballot looks like before they get to the polling place. It’s often confusing and overwhelming. It’s worst in places with very high densities of population, because you can’t cut the precinct size down sufficiently, and places with populations who are less capable of dealing with the confusion.
The other side, tabulating the votes, is almost as bad. Almost every one of those offices I mentioned above have unique boundaries. The President and Senator are state wide, but the House has its own weirdly-shaped district in most states. The state legislature has its own districts. The city and county are divided into a multitude of overlapping districts. School systems in a county don’t necessarily coincide with any other particular political boundary. Judges may be city or county or multi-county. Votes have to be built up from the bottom. Each polling place is known as a precinct (confusingly, several precincts may vote at the same site, a school, e.g., so two tables at a single site may be different precincts and have different ballots and different totals). The central vote counters have to figure out which of the hundreds or thousands of precincts go to which of the dozens of races just to get county-wide figures which can be fed to the state. State counters have to figure out which of the thousands or tens of thousands of precincts get totaled to produce numbers for the races that cut across county lines.
And of course, the boundary lines of almost everything change every decade with reapportionment (and in other ways for local redistricting) so what you do one year may have no bearing on what you add together the next.
This is all guaranteed by our hyper-local system of putting as many positions as close to the voters as possible along with our seemingly random clumping and dividing of areas into voting districts. It can’t be changed without changing everything from the bottom up to rationalize it. And that will never happen.
It it irrational? Yes and no. It’s certainly inefficient. It certainly leads to mistakes happening. Whenever you read about how some precinct’s votes were overlooked or lost or misapplied or left in somebody’s car trunk, it screams imbecility. But it’s the inevitable product of a horribly complicated system.
But I’ve never waited more than 10 minutes.