The first one, apparently, is from the end of the 1930s (and we just missed an anniversary).
https://www.google.com/patents/US2196914?dq=2,196,914
FOLDING BASKET CARRIAGE FOR SELF-SERVICE STORES Filed March 14, 1938
The present invention relates to a novel rollable market basket carriage of a lightweight portable type expressly but not necessarily, adapted for convenient usage by shopping customers in grocery stores and similar establishments of the so-called self-service classification.
The chief object of the invention is to provide the trade with a novel lightweight easy to handle multiple rack equipped roller supported carriage, the preferred embodiment being characterized by a dependable structural assemblage which is rigid and reliable when erected for use, and compact and convenient when folded for storage in an out-of-the-way location in the establishment.
In its preferred embodiment the improved construction has to do with the adoption and use of a pair of complemental intersecting pivotally adjoined wheel supported leg frames, there being associated with the upper portions of said frame, an additional frame functioning as a rack and this having linkage connection with the associated parts to provide for the aforesaid rigidity when the device is in use, and to facilitate folding and unfolding with requisite certainty and expediency
Shelton’s “A Brief History of the Shopping Cart” has a few good pictures (despite its idiotic historical premise): http://www.eldo.us/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Shopping-Cart.pdf
These two cites among others, including the founding tech’s legal history, taken from an excellent article on the technology and the business of groceries by Zachary Crockett, published at Priceonomics last month, “How a Basket on Wheels Revolutionized Grocery Shopping.” How a Basket on Wheels Revolutionized Grocery Shopping - Priceonomics
The most interesting thing of the article, and the kind of analysis for which the site is famed: ask a random person (me, eg) 1) what good are shopping carts, and, although most people don’t put it this way, 2) why would someone–engineers, the industry–have come up with them. I think everyone would say:
- you can schlep around more stuff easier,
- which helps the business because the whole experience is easier, and it gets you to buy more stuff per trip.
Answer 1 Is debatable, and is certainly wrong during the era (that just before the invention, unsurprisingly) when you got a clerk to box everything, and the business was switching for many reasons to “self-serve,” which meant that
Answer 2 is absolutely backwards. The design challenge was how to get people to buy less stuff.
Fascinating situation.
NB: Other SD thread left to RIP, but interesting: What causes the clicking of a grocery cart wheel? What causes the clicking of a grocery cart wheel? - Factual Questions - Straight Dope Message Board