I’ve got this whole blue sky thing down. I understand the scattering of blue light by oxygen molecules and I know why the sky isn’t violet.
Here’s the next part.
If blue light is scattering more than red, there should be less blue on Earth than red because less blue light gets through.
Maybe only a very small percent gets scattered. Maybe there is less blue and I haven’t noticed it. Maybe our vision cells have evolved to counterbalance the deficit.
Also, as the Sun sets, should not the blue colours on Earth get less blue? Maybe this happens too. I haven’t noticied.
I’m not sure if this is what you’re asking about, but I think you mean that at sunset we should notice a change in the apparent color of objects.
We actually have a pretty neat color correction /white balance adjustment in our heads that allow us to perceive colors as what we believe then to be as opposed to what they are.
For example, there is over test you can find online that shows that we perceive the same color as different if it’s perceived to be in a shadow.
Here: Checker shadow illusion - Wikipedia
Also, you can see a white piece of paper under a rose light as white in some circumstances.
Story for one cite, but I an on my mobile right now.
There is, but not by much. Remember that the blue light is scattered, not absorbed. Most of the blue light still makes it through to the surface, even if it’s scattered.
However, some of the scattered light is sent back into space, and that light is more likely to be blue, so there is indeed some more red than blue at the surface.
Golden Hour, a little before sunset (and a little after sunrise) does indeed highlight warmer colors. This is noticeable even with the aforementioned white-balance ability we have.
Although human eyes can see blue, but they suck at it. I’m speculating here, but I imagine the reason is the greater diffusing of blue in the atmosphere.
I am pretty sure you have noticed it before, probably every sunny day:) The setting sun makes everything look golden (red, yellow or whatever you call it). Reason: large portion of the blue light gets scattered away, and relatively a lot more light of longer wavelength (red, orange, yellow) made though.
