Re Carter’s Little Liver Pills I was surprised to see these were basically an effective laxative. Why were they marketed as medicine for your liver?
Because 1868-era patent medicines were marketed to cure damn near everything wrong with you, and besides no one used the term “laxative.”
Note that the Time magazine article from 1951 cited in the second footnote said that the pills were “an irritative laxative,” so it’s not like Carter had ever actually fooled anyone.
They *were *marketed as laxatives.
One of the signs says “Constipation”.
“Carter’s keep the bowels in good order.”
“That’s EXHAUSTIPATION - the tiredness caused by constipation!”
Also, remember that “biliousness” and “torpid liver” were buzzwords for abdominal discomfort thought to be due to constipation.