The academic point is I can’t imagine anyone knowing anything that would be quite as valuable as this. Perhaps Enigma, but not much else applies. It’s the reason governments compartmentalize information-- no one disclosure (or one captured individual) is likely to give up a goat valuable enough.
That said, accepting the conditions of the OP, everyone breaks under torture. Everyone. The U.S. put its Air Force and Navy pilots through unnecessary hell during the Vietnam War by failing to grasp this basic point-- there may be (and surely is) honor in resisting as long as practicable, but there is also no shame in eventually divulging information. Unfortunately, the example of pilots breaking under Chinese interrogation during the Korean War led to the counter-ethos during Vietnam.
Since then, from the 1991 Gulf War on, counter-interrogation training has recognized this point, that everyone breaks eventually. Doesn’t mean there aren’t tactics that can be employed to slow this down, or gum up the works, but America in 2009 believes that its military personnel are more valuable than (most) any secret.
As for the “torture never works” argument, obviously, they’ve been hashed and rehashed countless times here at the SDMB. I’ll just make my vote clear: of course it works, or else it wouldn’t be used. The question is how effective it is in comparison to other methods. Everything is situational. A “honey pot” interrogation may be the most successful in the long-term, but in a “ticking clock” scenario, harsh interrogations may be more effective.
ESPECIALLY when cross-referenced with known intelligence-- a point nearly always forgotten by the “torture never works, the victim says anything to get out of it” crowd. Call it harsh interrogations, call it torture, but in the absence of independently-known calibrating intelligence, it’s not very useful at all. When you know nearly as much as your subject does, however, harsh interrogation can be extremely useful in obtaining additional information.
What it’s NOT useful in doing is obtaining a confession, because it will, whether the subject is guilty or not. But that hasn’t been the debate in the U.S.-- no one is looking to know whether these guys were Al Qaeda or not, we knew that already, we were looking to find out what they knew.
And the argument that you can shred a terrorist with a Hellfire launched from 20,000 feet but the moment you capture him you can’t rough them up strikes me as fallacious, even pernicious. We respect lawful combatants because they in return will respect our lawful combatants. Once you afford unlawful combatants the same rights and privileges we would, say, POWs from a uniformed military, then the uniformed militaries of the world lose their incentive to operate under the lawful rules of war.
By any classical standard of international behavior, we would be entirely within our rights to summarily execute captured Al Qaeda on the spot as brigands, just as we could execute pirates.
Alas, we’ve “evolved”.
Anyway. . . I take the pill, because I wouldn’t have taken the mission otherwise.