I’ve just finished my second year of teaching. I notice that you have had some experience, but that it is limited. I apologise in advance if I give you advice that you are already aware of but I know all too well that teaching can be a tough profession and I feel duty bound to be as tiresomely helpful as possible 
I taught English and Media Studies, not math, but a few of the lessons I learnt will probably still apply to you. Here’s a list of things I did (as well as a few things I wish I’d done) which I think might be helpful:
General tips
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Before you start, make sure that you are intimately familiar with your school’s disciplinary structure. Be sure you know what punishments you are allowed to give. There’s nothing more embarrassing than threatening a kid with a punishment in front of an entire class only for the kid to tell you that, actually, you don’t have the authority to give that punishment. It may be the case that certain teachers are in charge of prosecuting certain offences. For instance, in my school, if a kid swears at a teacher the incident is to be referred to a specific senior teacher who will deal with it personally. If there is a similar system in place at your school, make sure you know who is in charge of dealing with what.
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No matter how secure your subject knowledge, there will likely be times when you will not know how to present the material for a lesson to your class. Don’t be afraid to ask more experienced teachers for help planning your lessons. It will most emphatically not be viewed as a sign of weakness or incompetence. Instead it will help you acquire a reputation as someone who is keen to learn, eager to deliver effective lessons, and who has their students best interests at heart.
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Do not get involved in any after school activities of any kind for at least the first month of teaching. Do not run or help with the running of any after school clubs. Do not attend any after school sporting events unless you have absolutely nothing else to do. There is a good reason for this. In your first month you need to safeguard your afterschool time in order to make sure that you will be able to effectively resolve any disciplinary issues which may arise in your lessons. You are a new teacher. The kids will try to see how far they can push you. Incidents of bad behaviour tend to generate paperwork (the nature and amount of paperwork varies from school to school). The best time to deal with all this paperwork is immediately after school while the incidents are fresh in your mind.
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Having said that, once you’ve settled in a bit, it is important that you are seen to be participating in the life of the school. I second Manda JO’s advice to see as many sporting events, concerts, musicals, and swim meets as possible. This will help the kids see you as someone who is interested their achievements, and more than just another math teacher. However, if you are ever faced with a choice between seeing an after school event and spending a couple of hours writing detention letters or behaviour reports, choose the latter. Hopefully after a couple of months you will find that you won’t have to make choices like that very often.
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Get into work early. I cannot overstate the importance of this point. Arrive at least an hour before lessons start and spend this time making sure you have everything you will possibly need for each lesson. You will need to make sure that you have each of your classes as well organised as possible. Here is a checklist that I used to make sure I was prepared for each lesson. I would never feel comfortable starting a lesson unless I had all of the following easily to hand:
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Spare pens and pencils.
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Spare lined writing paper.
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One copy of every handout for every student in the class, plus ten spare copies, just in case.
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Spare board pens (they run out unbelievably quickly).
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Spare blank exercise books.
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A full complement of textbooks.
If you are using a projector connected to a computer you need to make sure that the computer is working and that every program you intend to use is working perfectly. You need to do this every day.
If you are using a television you need to make sure that you have:
- A SCART lead.
- A spare SCART lead.
- A remote control with batteries.
- Spare batteries.
You also need to test the television and video before you use it to make sure it’s still working. You also need to know where you can get a spare television at short notice just incase yours breaks down or another teacher “borrows” it.
If you have a projector, make sure it’s working before your lesson. If your projector works by remote control, make sure you have spare batteries for the remote, and that you know how to work it manually.
You may find yourself lucky enough to have an interactive whiteboard in your classroom. I, unfortunately, never had one of those, but I did occasionally cover classes that did and was expected to use it during those cover lessons. The first time I was required to use this I made a complete tit of myself because I had no idea how they worked. If you do have an interactive whiteboard, practise using it until you know exactly how they work. You should learn how to use an interactive whiteboard even if you don’t have one, just in case you’re required to use one for another class. Don’t worry, though. They’re pretty userfriendly and don’t take very much time at all to master.
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There are two kinds of teacher: Supportive teachers, and dickheads. Any teacher worth his salt knows that this is a hard job and will be happy to give you all the support they can. Obviously, these teachers are going to have busy schedules of their own and you can’t expect them to drop everything to help you at short notice. However, if you go to a colleague with a problem (say, for help planning a lesson, or for advice on how to deal with a particularly difficult child) you should expect them to help you if they can. If a teacher acts like an asshole if you ask them for help with something, it’s probably because they are an asshole. There’s nothing you can do about that and you shouldn’t take it personally.
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Make sure, before the start of term, that you have a base of operations. In my first year I was teaching two subjects to five classes in eight (count 'em) different classrooms. This is unusual, and you probably won’t have as troublesome a schedule as that. However, you may find that you occasionally need to switch classrooms. If this is the case you need to make sure that you have a designated area where you can keep all the things you need for your classes. If you are lucky enough to have your own classroom you won’t need to worry about this because your class desk will serve perfectly well. However, if you’re teaching in two or more classrooms you will need to make sure that you have a safe place where you can put things at short notice.
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Before you go to bed, make a ‘To Do’ list for the next day. I found this enormously helpful.
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Your best friends at a new school are the caretaker, the school secretary, the photocopying guy and the IT technician. Make sure you stay on their good side.
General disciplinary tips
I firmly believe that classroom control is the most important part of the job. It doesn’t matter how organised you are, or how well planned your lessons are, if you can’t get the kids to do what you want then all your efforts will be for nought. In your OP you said
I disagree with this. It’s true that some teachers, by virtue of their reputations or personal charisma, are just naturally good at controlling classes, but behaviour management is a skill that can be learnt. When I first started I was awful at this. And I mean unimaginably bad. However, I had improved enormously by the end of the year. I found the following tips very helpful. They are not presented in order of importance.
- Speak to the teachers who taught your classes before you did and grill them for behaviour management tips. Specifically, ask them if they used seating plans. Seating plans are, IMO, essential and I don’t understand how some teachers do without them. If they did use seating plans, try to keep them for your classes. This will send the message that you are in charge, and that you are familiar with the history of the class. Also, the kids will be far more accepting of a seating plan they are already familiar with than a brand new one.
However, if they had no seating plan, you should make constructing one a top priority. Tell your classes previous teachers that you want to have a seating plan and ask for their help in constructing them. They will be happy to help as they will want you to be successful in your teaching. If, for some reason, you are unable to construct a seating plan before the first lesson, sit your students in alphabetical order boy-girl, boy-girl. They will HATE this and moan about it no end. Stand your ground. Alphabetical seating alternating by gender is, in my experience and the experience of the teachers I’ve been working with, an effective way to seat students at the beginning of a term. They will likely not be with their friends, so there will be less temptation to mess about, and they will immediately recognise that you are in charge. If a kid refuses to sit in a particular seat in your first lesson, remind them that it is your class, and your lesson, and that you are in charge of the seating.
Keep a diagram of your seating plan because some kids will try to sit next to their friends at the beginning of the next few lessons and you need to be wise to this.
Now, if it turns out that a previous teacher couldn’t control a particular class, take your class list and show it to your head of department. They will probably have been there a few years and will probably have a passing familiarity with some of the more difficult pupils. Consequently, they may well be able to offer some advice, both about seating plans and general behaviour tips.
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Find out before hand if any of your kids have learning difficulties.
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Find out beforehand if any of your kids have any difficulties with English. They may need simplified worksheets.
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Find out beforehand if any of your kids have any behavioural difficulties. If they do, ask your school counsellor or special needs co-ordinator for advice on how to deal with them.
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The first thing you should do with a brand new class is explain the rules and make your expectations clear. Don’t give them too many rules. Here are the rules I used:
i) Only one person is allowed to talk at a time. If I am talking to the class, everyone needs to pay attention. If a class member is giving a presentation, or asking or answering a question, everyone needs to pay attention.
ii) Raise your hand if you want to ask or answer a question.
iii) Absolutely no electronic devices. Mobile phones, iPods, PSP’s or Nintendo DS’s will, if seen, be confiscated and placed in my desk until the end of the lesson.
iv) Uniforms will be perfect before entering the class. I don’t teach scruffbags.
v) It is your responsibility to bring all the equipment you need to a lesson.
A few simple, unambiguous rules, are far more effective than a whole raft of rules covering every eventuality.
6) Be consistent in your application of the rules. Kids will always whine that you’re being unfair by punishing them. The best way not to be dissuaded by this is by making sure you know exactly what behavioural infractions merit exactly what behavioural sanction, and sticking to your decision. If you think that, in retrospect, you’ve been unfair, then feel free to make an exception. As Manda JO said, you’re a teacher, not the enforcer of fairness in the universe. However, avoid pulling U-turns in front of a class. Reversing yourself in front of a class will only open yourself up to more accusations of unfairness. One time I gave a kid a one hour detention when he really didn’t deserve it. Rather than reverse myself in front of the class, I pulled that kid out of his form registration the next day, told him that I’d been too harsh, and gave him a lesser punishment instead. He was perfectly happy with this and I didn’t lose face in front of the rest of the class.
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Never, EVER talk over a pupil. I cannot overemphasise just how vitally important that is. If you let one kid talk while you’re talking, they’ll all do it.
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Shouting is a useful way to get order, but only do it sparingly. Kids quickly get used to it and it ceases to be effective if you use it all the time.
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If you’re going to shout, direct your ire towards the whole class (indeed, you should only really let rip if the whole class is playing you up). Singling out one kid for special abuse just makes you look like a bully.
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Use lots of praise. This is a really important one. Don’t just make it clear that bad behaviour will be punished, make it clear that good behaviour will be rewarded.
Some general tips on detentions:
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If you give a kid a detention make damn sure they serve it! Hound them 'til the ends of the earth if necessary. Make it absolutely clear that if a kid skips out on one of your detentions they’ll simply get another, longer one, and maybe more besides.
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If you give a kid a detention, try to make sure he serves it with you. This will reinforce the impression that you are in charge, and that he is in detention because he has disrespected you.
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Detentions should not be fun. Here are some of the things I would make my kids do during my detentions:
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Lines (most suitable for younger pupils).
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Grammar work (you could substitute math work).
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Silent reading.
Make it clear that if a kid misbehaves in your detention they will earn themselves another, longer one, and maybe more besides.
Jeezus. I’ve just looked back over what I’ve written. I’m sorry RachelChristine. I really had no idea I’d written so much. I think I’d best stop now before the weight of my post crashes the boards, sends the servers into meltdown, rips a gloryhole in the fabric of space-time and sends us all spiralling into a black hole before your first day 
If, for any reason, you want any additional advice or just want to vent after a particularly crappy day, my e-mail address is john_e_lemonhead@hotmail.co.uk
All the very best of luck!