In my opinion, there may be some misinformation posted in this thread. Specifically, and among other things, I believe that a bottle of wine consumed daily puts you at more than a “negligible” risk for liver disease.
First of all, though, I want to clarify that it doesn’t matter whether alcohol is ingested as wine, spirits, or beer. Alcohol is alcohol. Second, there are other risk factors at play which may increase or decrease the likelihood of developing liver disease from alcohol. For example, people with the so-called “metabolic syndrome” (typically manifesting with mild obesity, high blood pressure, high blood fats, and “mild” diabetes) are at increased risk of liver disease even in the absence of alcohol. Add alcohol to the metabolic syndrome risk and the chance of liver disease goes up multiplicatively. Other factors which augment the toxic effect of alcohol on the liver include: occult (or overt) viral hepatitis, e.g. hep B or hep C, occult iron excess (the most common single gene disease in whites), . . . the list goes on.
Third, we must define 1 “unit” of alcohol (in order to compare apples with apples). On average, wine is about 10% alcohol (yes, some has more, some less - I’m just talking about averages). On average, beer is about 5% alcohol (in Canada), and on average, spirits are approximately 40% alcohol.
(it’s easier to use grams for what follows. Remember that 1 ounce is about 28 grams).
So, 5 ounces of wine equals 140 grams of wine. If wine is 10% alcohol, then 140 grams of wine equals 14 grams of alcohol.
Ten ounces of beer equals 280 grams of beer. If beer is 5% alcohol, then 280 grams of beer equals 14 grams of alcohol.
One and a quarter ounces of spirits (a “shot”) equals about 35 grams of spirits. If spirits average about 40% alcohol, then 35 grams of spirits equals 14 grams of alcohol.
In other words, a glass of wine, a bottle of beer, and a shot of spirits all contain about the same amount of alcohol. (It’s very important to keep in mind that people who make and/or pour their own drinks will almost always have more than the above figures. A ‘glass’ of wine at home might be 8 ounces, not 5, and a ‘shot’ of rye poured in your own living room might be closer to 2 ounces than 1¼.)
In any case, empirically it is known that chronic* consumption of more than 60 to 70 grams of alcohol per day for a woman, and 70 to 80 grams per day for a man can be expected to lead to liver disease. (likelihood of about 50% for 20 or more years of drinking).
*chronic = at least 10 to 20 years
We also should keep in mind that alcohol does a lot of other ‘bad’ things besides rotting your liver. A few lesser known ones are:
breast cancer (in women) - for every 10 grams of alcohol ingested (about ¾ of a drink), a woman’s chance of developing breast cancer goes up by 9%. So, five drinks a day, increases a woman’s chance by almost 50%. Note that in Italy where alcohol consumption is fairly high, 11% of breast cancers are due to alcohol
cancer of the mouth, throat (pharynx), and swallowing tube (esophagus) - unlike the case for cardiovascular disease, where modest consumption of alcohol seems to confer some protection, even occasional and one-drink-per-day ingestion of alcohol are associated with a 12 and 37% increase respectively in the risk of cancer of the esophagus.
inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis) - this is a very nasty illness which you don’t want to get. It is considered to be one of the most painful conditions that someone can have (up there with kidney stones and labour). Pancreatitis has the potential for many complications, none of which are good news or very pleasant for the patient. It can also kill you. About 10% of chronic alcoholics will develop pancreatitis at some stage. In fact, anyone who goes out boozing places themselves at increased risk for pancreatitis, albeit just for a day or so. But consider someone who drinks every day. Their risk of pancreatitis will stay elevated.
I hope all this has been of interest to somebody.
– KG