Aside from the obvious, what should I see? I have the Rijksmuseum and Van Goch museum on my list, of course, but also the resistance museum. I’m not interested in seeing the red light district.
The Anne Frank house is interesting. The museums are great.
Other than that, we were happy to drink, smoke hash, and walk around town.
I enjoyed seeing:
Anne Frank House
Royal Palace
Tuschinski Cinema
Vondelpark
Krijtberg Church
Dam Square
Rembrandt House
Jewish Historical Museum
De Rieker Windmill
I enjoyed the Maritime museum when I was there.
I’d say that taking a walk down the Oudezijds Voorburgwal in the daytime is kind of interesting, without being particularly awful. You’ll see more raunchy stuff in gift shops than on a walk down that particular canal, but you’ll get an idea about the red light district (De Wallen) that you otherwise wouldn’t have.
Other than the stuff that’s already here, you could take a day trip for one day- Rotterdam, Delft, Utrecht, and Den Haag are all extremely close, and have other interesting things to see. (the Porcelaine Flys in Delft was cool; where else can you take a dump in a Delft Blue toilet bowl? 
)
Take a bike tour. They all seem to go to the same places (primarily along the Amstel River, Beatrix Park, VondelPark) and then rent the bike for another half day afterward (or another day). Amsterdam is very quick to get away from if you go southeast or Northeast and the biking on their trail system is simple and amazingly pleasant. You can also always see Centrum Amsterdam so it is literally impossible to get lost- just wander the lanes and the canals and small towns. Just take a quick look at what trail numbers you are “aiming” for and you will quickly understand how the system works.
The red light district is not a big deal, you will probably end up walking through it on accident.
Done properly, the Rijksmuseum will consume most of a day.
My advice is to not try to cram too much into your visit. Enjoy a few things thoroughly.
It did. 
Find a restaurant that serves a good rijsttafel.
The Aalsmeer flower auction is not far away, and is very impressive.
Try an excursion to De Zaanse Schans. It’s very close to Amaterdam.
Lots of windmills, for starters. http://www.dezaanseschans.nl/en/
I visited those on Sunday. I went inside the cheese one and the sawmill one.