There’s a very interesting op-ed in the NY Times today, by Michael O’Hanlon and Kenneth Pollack, describing their recent fact-finding mission to Iraq.
As background, both O"Hanlon and Pollack are liberals, and they work for the Brookings Institution, which is not exactly a hotbed of conservatism. Both have been opponents of the administration’s conduct of the war. Nonetheless, they are reporting significant progress due to the surge:
The article goes on to make the following points:
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Morale in the army is high - higher than it’s been for a while. The reason appears to be that the troops have faith in Petraeus and believe that they’re finally using the right tactics.
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Civilian casualty rates are down by a third, and cooperation between civilians and the U.S, military is very good and improving.
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There’s been a major turnaround in the Sunni regions - tribal Shieks that were fighting the U.S. only a few months ago have switched sides and are now fully cooperating.
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The Iraqis are finally becoming effective. Mosul and other cities in the north are almost completely under Iraqi control now, with fewer Americans present, and they are relatively peaceful.
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Most of the corrupt Iraqi military officers have been removed, and the American high command says that 3/4 of Iraqi Generals are ‘fully reliable partners’.
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The Iraqi military has become far more integrated. Unlike before, when military units were thinly-disguised tribal militias, they are now composed of many different Iraqis. For example, in 2005 the third infantry division was overwhelmingly Kurdish. Today, it’s 45 percent Shiite, 28 percent Kurdish, and 27 percent Sunni. This is an important change, because before when the Iraqi military would step into sectarian conflict, they’d take one side and make the situation worse. Hopefully, this will be improved now.
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A big part of this is that al-Qaida in Iraq and the Mahdi army really blew it - they initially had the support of the people, but when they gained control of areas they brutalized the population and caused them to rebel and take sides with the Americans. The U.S. is winning the battle for hearts and minds. The result is that Anbar province, which was one of the most violent places in Iraq, is almost peaceful today because the population turned and drove out the Islamists and allied with the U.S.
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The allied Provincial Reconstruction Teams are becoming very effective, with many Iraqi partners helping them to rebuild infrastructure. Micro-loans and smaller-scale projects are showing success.
It’s not all good news, of course. On the political front, the leaders of Iraq have not stepped up to the plate. The Iraqi police forces are still a mess. There is still significant sectarian tension and violence. As they say, “The situation remains grave”.
However, based on their findings that the situation is improving, they are now recommending that the surge be given ‘at least into 2008’
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