But how do you define what a job is “worth”?
Value is, to a considerable extent, a subjective thing. I think, for example, that people who work as house cleaners should be paid a fair wage for the work they do. What would be a fair wage for a house cleaner, however, is more than i am willing to pay, so i don’t have a house cleaner.
What is the value of the labor contracted for, in a case like this? How do you determine this? Is it simply your own sense of what is fair, or is there some objective calculation that we can do in order to determine what constitutes the “worth” of any particular task?
But, at the same time, why is it up the the customer to determine, by guessing, what might or might not be a fair payment?
I think, for example, that it would be fair if the minimum wage were raised for people working at supermarket checkouts. Does that mean that i should tip those people every time i go to Safeway? Why should i be forced to engage in on-the-spot speculation about a person’s income, especially in an industry where i really have no prior knowledge at all about pay and conditions? For all i know, the guy i just gave a $20 tip might own is own business and be making a six-figure income; or he might be on minimum wage.
Hell, even if i move away from minimum-wage work and look at my own area of employment, i could see an argument for tipping. There are literally thousands of highly-educated college instructors in this nation working as adjunct professors, without any security of employment or benefits. In some cases, those people (many of whom hold PhDs, and almost all of whom have at least a Masters) are paid as little as $2000 to teach a semester-length class of 40 or 50 students. And all this happens in a context of constantly rising student fees, where the universities and colleges ask their “customers” to pay more and more every year.
Should students be required to tip their underpaid adjunct professors? If not, why not? The professors are providing a service in pretty much the same way that a tow-truck driver, or a waiter, or a hairdresser is providing a service.