I’ve read the entire thread, and perhaps I missed a reference, but I don’t think **Bricker’s **false equivalence has been properly identified. This isn’t really about the avowed purpose, or the enormity of the effect. The distinction between O’Keefe’s stunts and Moore’s work is that one is offered as documentary entertainment, while the other purports to be journalism.
The genre of documentary film has a tradition of recapitulating reality, sometimes filmed directly and sometimes by re-enactment or re-creation. Documentaries are extensively edited, with far more going to “the cutting room floor” than into the final product. There is typically a highly subjective element, and directors have significant creative control.
(from here) Documentaries are therefore almost necessarily slanted or opinionated, even deliberately persuasive. Some are outright and explicitly propaganda vehicles.
The late 1930s produced documentaries combining sociological issues with early ecological awareness, resulting in films promoting the New Deal. The same era saw a host of documentaries offered to counter what was seen as Nazi psychological warfare. More recently we have documentaries showing the “cruel exploitation” of seals or porpoises.
from the same cite as above
None of this should come as any surprise. A documentary is like an editorial—it can quite properly reflect, even advocate for, an opinion or a position. Moore is quite comfortable within, and quite acclaimed for his productions of, this genre.
Journalism on the other hand has a tradition, proclaimed even to the present day, of presenting a neutral and unbiased picture of a reported event. Let us not be distracted by a discussion of how closely any particular journalist, except for O’Keefe, hews to this standard. The fact is that journalism purports the expectation of “fair and balanced” <grin> treatment.
So Bricker, the problem with your comparison of O’Keefe to Moore is one of apples versus oranges. Both are fruit, or both are representations of reality captured on film. But Moore’s works fall quite comfortably within the general definitions and the history of documentary film, which is all he or anyone ever claimed them to be. Even in your problematic Heston interview, or the bank-distributing-a-rifle scene, he makes no specific claim of journalistic representation. That his films are intended to be at least persuasive, or even propagandizing of Moore’s own opinions, is not outside the bounds for the genre, and therefore is not reprehensible even if reasonable people might disagree with Moore’s conclusions. It is what it is, and the viewer can agree or disagree at will.
O’Keefe’s work however vigorously proclaims itself to be journalism, the presentation of facts without distortion due to bias or opinion. The evidence contradicts this claim rather extensively. O’Keefe isn’t providing a fair and balanced report of “One Day at an ACORN Office”. He isn’t even doing investigative journalism, not by any standard I’ve ever seen. When my local news takes a perfectly fine car around to various garages to see how many of them offer to perform unneeded repairs, they at least show both the miscreants and the honest shops that turned their investigator away with a “your car is fine”. They report factually that “XYZ percentage of local garages offered to do unnecessary work, and these others did not”.
O’keefe instead creates in his own mind a fictitious crime, in fact a highly salacious and extraordinary crime. He then contrives and manipulates situations that appear to affirm his fantasy. He completely discards and refuses to acknowledge any actual events/interviews that contradict his self imposed theme. This type of lie is unforgivable in journalism. Editing his remaining footage could be uncontroversial, and would be so if he had stopped there. But in order to make his point he goes so far as to insert voice-overs that are unconnected to the video, apparently thus showing people making statements that they did not make, or at least completely removed from proper context and thereby not representative of the person’s actual intent.
How does this work? Well, I can show a film of your face saying “No, I’ve never done anything like that!” with an expression of sincerity. Or I can show your face winking, nodding, and sneering and attribute the exact same words to you. Both the words and the two expressions can come from the same recorded interview. But which more accurately represents your actual opinion on whatever subject was at hand? If one is the truth, then the other is clearly a lie. With O’Keefe, we cannot know which one is being presented.
The fact that O’keefe refuses to release unedited video, and the fact that he was actually caught performing the manipulation above, proves that his work was not journalism. He has put lies into the mouths of ACORN employees. Whatever other nefarious acts he may have committed we probably will never know. But these acts themselves are sufficient to condemn him, and certainly more than sufficient to bring into question any other statement or production he may offer. And this is because Moore, while he does manipulate context, does so within a purely and unabashedly identified opinion piece, while O’Keefe manipulates context, embraces pretense, engages in duplicity, hides and denies contradictory evidence, and labels the result journalism.
O’Keefe is indefensible, and so is any attempt to minimize his mendacity or to divert attention from his deceit by direct comparison to Michael Moore. Please stop.