I’m so sorry. It’s so hard!
I’ll second everyone who’s said try putting him down not when he’s wide awake but before he’s visibly tired (I read somewhere once that the very first sign, before the eye rubbing and fussing, is the palms of their hands get really warm. Sounds like an old wives’ tale, I know, but I absolutely swear by that), The No-Cry Sleep Solution, getting LOTS of fresh air, and putting him down when he’s sleeeepy but not asleep.
And the bath thing is good too - plus a real solid sleep routine can do wonders. When I was struggling with this exact problem at around that age, I finally set a schedule. I figured about how much sleep she needed total, how much of that should be at night, and how many naps that left, and try to stick to a general timeline, the same each day. And at nighttime we would put her down at the same time every night, preceded by a warm bath (with sleepytime bubbles - another thing I’ll swear by), a quiet massage with lotion, a story, breastfeeding and a song. She seemed to learn really quickly what it meant and it seemed to get her into the right frame of mind.
This goes against the No-Cry Sleep Solution which I advocated, but I’m gonna say it anyway - will he sleep in your arms? I went through several months of my daughter sleeping ok in her crib at night, but refusing to nap anywhere but on me, so I would nurse her to sleep in my arms and then play games online for 2 hours while she snoozed. My arm would feel like it was going to fall off, but at least she slept! (And I think getting that solid daytime sleep was what helped with the good nighttime sleeping, and then of course the good nighttime sleeping made the napping easier).
I also wonder about the feeding, as mentioned. I had vowed I would breastfeed exclusively until 6 months but when she wouldn’t sleep, the doctor recommended starting a little bit of spoonfed cereal about an hour before bed and it really did seem to help.
Oh, and as far as taking a pacifier, try dipping it in water and then putting it in his mouth while it’s really wet.
Don’t worry, in the blink of an eye this stage will be over and you’ll be on here giving advice to someone else!