Well it’d be easier for me to answer this question if you’d define what you think “the core beliefs” of Norway are. Because um… I dunno about you, but I wouldn’t know what the core beliefs of my country (France) are or would be, nor what the core beliefs of the US of A are come to think of it.
Like, I think I could possibly get a majority of French people to agree with the sentence “France is a country that exists and has reasons to keep existing” :p, but past really basic stuff like that, pfooie, y’know ?
As for political rifts in Norway, well, immigration as you say is a big one (there are some insanely racist far-right groups) which doesn’t map to “race” as much as “culture” (e.g. Sami and Poles are white, but oooh boy do they get flak from Norwegian nazis) as is the rise of far-right assholes. You know those guys, you’ve got them too and the Norwegian ones both come from the same mold of unsatisfied entitlement, and have the same ideas - anti-feminism, anti-gay, anti-immigration, anti-Jews etc… Suffice to say they have a huge racism issue towards non-whites (and non-Christians) as well.
Even the mainstream culture is… I’m not sure what the right word would be - it’s not quite patriotism as much as a giant pride and sense that they have the best country and system there is or could ever be ; which in turn both blinds them to real issues the country faces and makes them real aggro against anyone trying to rock the boat or even just *point *the issues. In many cases they also struggle with “Not Invented Here syndrome”.
The current government is *very *non-socialist, the Prime Minister is a lady in the mold of Thathcher who’s intent on rolling back public spending and promoting trickle down free market nonsense (like neoliberals do everywhere, basically) which is somewhat unpopular and has prompted the minority Christian Democrat party to waver in its support of the Conservatives. They’re kind of the kingmakers at this point because the Conservatives don’t have a majority and their rise is fairly recent - if the KrD jump shit, the Conservatives are done. PM Erna’s government faced a crisis as recently as last August due to the left coalition’s opposition to a new transport policy (something about a solution to too many road tolls I think? Transport infrastructure in general is kind of shit from what I understand) and she had to essentially give her supporters in minority parties (like the Christian Dems) an ultimatum : either vote with us, or we’ll kick your guys out of our government. Much like Thatcher (or Macron), she has also been accused of enacting policies that favoured the rich more than the rest of society.
Another Big Question is the future of the oil fund - as you might know, Norway controls big oil fields and they are, for the most part, nationalized with the proceeds of oil extraction being lumped into a national fund that is in part used to fund social programs, and in part invested around the world. However there are growing concerns with that wrt. climate change, and wrt “even if we do make sure the fund is invested ethically, is it ethical to have one at all when the oil itself is going to be used to make problems worse ?”. As well some of the conservatives want to privatize the oil altogether because greed is good. And then there’s of course the question of “what do we do when the oil runs out ?”
There’s the usual urban/rural divide, the rural parts of the country depopulating rapidly and having worse access to technologies (like high speed internet, hospitals, public transport, etc) which in many places is getting quite dire. And that’s kind of a problem because the majority of the country’s population is rural. Meanwhile big cities get more and more expensive to live in, housing prices and rents keep climbing… stop me if you’ve already heard that one :). In addition, food costs and poor food diversity are seen as problems.
The police is increasingly coming under fire for its use of solitary confinement even absent trials - they have larger leeway in action and repression than some would like. Cannabis legalization is also a wedge in that regards (because contrary to the popular perception of Scandiwegia as an all tolerant, socially progressive free-for-all ; Norwegian mainstream culture is pretty hardcore Christian fuddy-duddies which frustrates the more atheistic among them) - and on the flipside they have an alcoholism problem although not as bad as Finnland.
On the Generation Wars front, the 30-and-younger who’ve been influenced a lot by American media are starting to reject the Janteloven, that is to say culturally enforced conformity and looking down on personal ambition or greed. There’s a bit of sky-is-falling concern that the very “socio-cultural homogeneity” that the older generations believe held the country together for so long is breaking down. That being said, to which extent Janteloven ever was an actual Thing at the national level, as opposed to your run of the mill small-town attitudes & philosophies is up for debate. I’m sure one could make parallels to podunk Appalachians thinking Our Billy has become very uppity ever since he came back from college, or solving a dispute between people with “I know your father, boy !”.
That tension-y enough for you ? 