[QUOTE=Dead Pete]
Doesn’t the upper nose have a bone or two? I was under the impression that it does, having seen many skulls where such bones are present. The cartilage is lower down.
[/QUOTE]
Yeah, sure does. When I am inspecting people dead by violence I pinch the bridge of their noses between my gloved thumb and fingertip and wiggle. If nothing happens, I write on my noteboard, “Nasal skeleton intact to palpation.”
(Well, actually I write an incomprehensible squiggle that no one else can make sense of, but when I dictate, that’s what the squiggle is read as.)
You can easily palpate yours without pain. Index and thumbtip on the alae - er, the wings of your nose - side to side. Wiggle just enough to prove to yourself that it has wigglability. (New Word! New Word! Klaxon! Klaxon!) Proceed on up, and you will readily find the spot where wigglability ceases. Them’s the bones of the nose
Outer bones. There are inner bones, too (choanae). Fairly slim, looking like stabilizers held out into the breeze inside the nose, but take effort to break. Regularly broken by cosmetic surgeons when reshaping noses.
Now. The problem is not so much these bones - tough to break, and would take a heavy fist to do it; but a two-by-four would do it nicely. The problem is the skull above them. You see, the inner nose stops at the base of the skull. There is a perforated plate of bone there, called the cribriform plate. The perforations let through the myriad branches of the olfactory nerves. The olfactory nerves, being part of the oldest design of our basic brains, are very simply set up. Hundreds of axons creep through the cribriform plate, joining together into bundles, and become two largish nerves which track from the cribriform plate inside the skull over the undersurface of the brain until they can reach the designated spot to join up inside. No other nerve comes into the skull like this. All the rest come in as well protected bundles.
Now the cribriform plate is not thin and delicate, despite its perforations. When I have to go through one in a decedent I use the Stryker saw. It isn’t an instantaneous bit of sawing, either. The supraorbital plates (thin bones above the eye sockets) to either side of the cribriform plate are thin and delicate, but the cribriform plate is reinforced. I would not say anyone could break it in with any unarmed hand blow, because to get the impact to it, you’d have to go through the nasal bones, which would not transmit force effectively once they were smashed up and hanging from squishy soft tissue parts with blood lubricating them. And you’d have to work through a funnel – the nose gets narrower and narrower as it goes up to its root; and you’re trying to smash in the reinforced plate over the narrow part of the funnel. Hard to do efficiently. Hands would be particularly badly designed for it.
You could do it if you knocked the person out first and then used some appropriate tool like a steel pipe to fish around in the mess you made breaking his nose across the nasal bones, but by that time, you’d be better off just whacking him over the head with the steel pipe. That’ll kill somebody, particularly if you do it enough times. Leaves nice pipe-prints in the scalp and skull, too. God, I love patterned injury.
Add to this that in all the homicide victims and accident victims I’ve ever seen, I’ve never seen a depressed fracture of the cribriform plate, and I think we can judiciously ascribe this one to legend.
Great legend, though.
Two p.s. notes: One, I have seen depressed fractures of the skull responsible for death, but they were almost always of the temporal bones (over the sides of the head above the ears), and they were produced either by a tool like a two-by-four, hammer, or pipe, or they were produced by a fall against a stone or a brick corner or suchlike.
Two, I know a girl who suffered a cribriform plate fracture. She didn’t die. She did it by slipping off a concrete curb on ice, and whacking the back of her head. She whacked the back of her head so hard she lost consciousness and needed stitches in her scalp. The next day, she had two black eyes, and following the accident, she lost about half her sense of smell. Seems obvious to me that she ran an earthquake-type fracture line through the base of her skull that zagged through one side of her cribriform plate.
Still alive, though.