I’m wondering if a man’s sperm can be affected/damaged by consuming alcohol prior to having sex, and subsequently cause harm to the baby. I don’t know how long before ejaculation sperm is produced and stored. Suppose the guy is on a week-long bender up to and including the night when he has sex with a woman. Also suppose that she never drinks and has an otherwise healthy diet.
Is this baby likely to be born with any noticeable defects due to the father’s alcohol consumption?
Only by driving the woman to drink. 
FAS is only caused by the woman drinking - it is developmental damage, not genetic.
As I understand it, drinking to excess can harm the man’s sperm, but only in the sense that there will fewer of them and they’ll be less hardy. (Healthy sperm: Improving your fertility - Mayo Clinic). Thus, a hard drinker is less likely to make the woman pregnant, but not particularly likely to pass on some kind of defect.
There can be some effects of a father’s behavior prior to fertilization harming his children. Here’s a recent summary article from Science News on it: