If you have an HDTV, you may be able to get away with something like a modern computer display. Your HDTV will need to ve able to display progressive-scan video, and will need either a SVGA or composite video input (analogue), or DVI input (digital). The HDMI input found on many HDTVs is related to DVI, and I believe there are adapter cables.
The second-highest HDTV resolution screen has 720 vertical lines of resolution (1280 x 720 pixels), which is roughly-equivalent to the middle-of-the-road for computer monitors these days (1024 x 768). The HDTV screen, with an aspect ratio of 16:9, is wider tham many monitors. A large number of plasma and LCD TV sets that advertise themselves as HD only display this resolution.
The highest-resolution HDTV screen has 1080 lines, equivalent to 1920 x 1080 pixels. Some computer monitors go up to 1920 x 1200, and can display this HDTV well, as well as a whopping big desktop.
The monitor I have displays 1920 x 1080, and can display my work computer’s complete 1280 x 1024 desktop in a window with plenty of room left over for… other things. 
Standard-definition TV fares a lot worse as a computer display.
A regular NTSC TV picture is equivalent to a 640 x 480 computer display. Most TVs will not be able to display this full resolution crisply, especially if they are connected via RF or composite video, not VGA or component. Back in the day of the VIC 20 and the Commodore 64, many TVs were used as computer monitors. These computer displays were often 320 x 240 or less.
As gotpasswords said, though, if you just want to display standard-resolution video (SDTV) in full-screen mode, your computer will switch to 640 x 480 to show it, and your TV should be able to display that. SDTV is interlaced, though, so fine horizontal lines will flicker on it. (This was well-known to Amiga users, since the Amiga computer’s display was built around the NTSC video standard.)
If your computer’s video card has that S-video output as well as regular SVGA output, may be able to display your video on the S-Video connector while continuing to use the SVGA computer screen for other things (like controlling the DVD player or streaming-video program). This depends on the capabilities of your video card and the driver software that came with it.