We’ve seen that they have early-model Vipers. Vipers are not jump-capable, so they’re short-range combat assets. If the colonies have them, they need some means to deploy them – battlestars, of some kind.
They’re probably also used for orbital defense, but it’s easier and cheaper to deploy emplaced defenses, maybe orbital weapons platforms, or ground-based missile silos.
(This, from experience earned playing Traveler’s Trillion Credit Squadron. 
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The Taurons kind of reminded me of post-Soviet Russians. I once lived in a neighborhood with a large Russian population, and looking back on it, many of my neighbors reminded me of Taurons as depicted on Caprica. A few were in and out of trouble with the law, or involved in questionable activities; at the very least many had “connections”.
True, but we don’t know if those can fly in space. Maybe instead of using manned fighters the various militaries use unmanned remote control fighters (which is where we seem to be headed). It would fight in with the whole idea of humanity having to downgrade it’s tech (& “unautomate” stuff)to survive.
I’m not much of a Twitter fan so I haven’t been paying that much attention to Serge, but that is strange given how the Gemonese were portrayed on BSG. Geminon must undergo some pretty massive social shifts because of the war. It’s like the opposite of what happened in Quebec or Spain.