Did I miss someone mentioning “Sit on it!” from Happy Days?
“Work!” as cried out by Maynard Krebs on “Dobie Gillis”.
“One of these days…” and “Pow, bang, zoom!!” both offered by Ralph in “The Honeymooners”
Oh, and Norton’s “Sure thing, Ralphie boy!” also from “The Honeymooners”
“Dave’s not here” uttered by Thomas Chong.
I thought that’s where Tommy Smothers got “Mom always liked you best!”
The exact quote from The Treasure of the Sierra Madre is: “Badges? We ain’t got no badges. We don’t need no badges. I don’t have to show you any stinking badges.”
For Casablanca, the exact exchange in question is:
Rick: You know what I want to hear.
Sam: [lying] No, I don’t.
Rick: You played it for her, you can play it for me!
Sam: [lying] Well, I don’t think I can remember…
Rick: If she can stand it, I can! Play it!
When I saw BS back in '73 or '74, I got the joke immediately and laughed out loud. Then I realized I was the only one in the cinema laughing!
At the time, I don’t think I considered myself a movie buff, but I was amazed that no one else seemed to recognize the quote. A few years later, I mentioned the incident to some friends of mine; they just stared at me blankly and said “You know what? You were the only one in the theater to get the joke!”
I guess even then “… stinking badges!” was a line that had faded into obscurity. 
Life Alert still runs commercials with that catchphrase, albeit spoken by a different actress. But that catchphrase hasn’t gone away.
Same with Homer Simpson’s “D’oh!” The Simpsons are still in production and have been renewed for yet another season. Along with new episodes, they are rerun twice a day in many areas. I don’t see any Simpsons catchphrases fading out any time soon.
I’m not reading this entire thread to see whether these have been mentioned:
The $64,000 question.
The Life of Riley.
A broken record.
My “get up and go” got up and went.
The heartbreak of psoriasis.
“Thank you, thank you very much”
Well, I’ll be!
“Bad…breath… in dogs!”
And its multiple variants:
Well, I swan
Well, I’ll be dipped
Well, I’ll be go to hell
Color me unimpressed
I remember it from my childhood, which would carry it back to the 60s, if not the 50s.
I would have thought 1940s too, but the earliest movie reference I can find for it is Grease (1978):
Danny: That’s cool baby, you know how it is, rockin’ and rollin’ and what not.
Sandy: Danny?
Danny: That’s my name, don’t wear it out.
Sandy: What’s the matter with you?
Danny: What’s the matter with me, baby, what’s the matter with you?
Sandy: What happened to the Danny Zuko I met at the beach?
Danny: Well I do not know. Maybe there’s two of us. Why don’t you take out a missing person’s ad? Or try the yellow pages, I don’t know.
Sandy: You’re a fake and a phony and I wish I never laid eyes on you!
Geoffrey Holder had a notable Caribbean (Jamaican?) accent.
That one’s originally from amateur radio and refers to signal strength and noise ratio meter readings - in short, clarity of transmission. 
“Heeeere’s Johnny!” Every single person in the audience of The Shining understood it when Jack Nicholson said it. But if it were said today?
They would think it was from The Shining
“Well…”
“Oh, Rochester.”
“Now, cut that out!”
Wow. My memory is totally effed up. I recall Richard Dawson saying it, but apparently my memory has transposed it from the game show in Robocop to the game show in Running Man. Color me purple. 
Nobody asked you to participate.
And your point is…? That everyone from Jamaica says “seven” [del]wrong[/del] stupidly?