Yes, you would need that at a minimum. My reference to the X-Rite color checker chart is a much more advanced versions of this. You could get a reasonable white balance using a white or gray piece of paper, but there’s a whole lot of assumptions going on. First, that it is a true neutral. Second, even if you white balance correctly, this doesn’t mean that the other colors are correctly balanced (even my $2K-$5K 35mm SLRs do not reproduce color tones exactly, and some can be significantly different than target, especially reds, oranges, and greens when you compare a correctly white balanced photo with a target color chart.) Third, depending on the color temperature of the light source, the way the camera sees the colors can shift. A camera color calibration for a warm (like incandescent light bulb) light source will be different than a daylight light source.
So, I think it can get you in the ballpark, but that’s a pretty big ballpark.
If that’s the only consideration. However on the inside walls of a home where direct sunlight is less a problem, the combination of dust, dirt and especially airborne oil (from cooking) will tend to darken walls.
These issues are why (after a couple of fiascos*) I never “touch up” a wall, I paint the whole thing.
Light hits each wall differently, so no two walls (that are exactly the same color) will look the same anyways.
*Paints fade, and the new paint you buy may have a completely different chemistry. Sherwin-Williams keeps assuring me that “Oh, we can match the same color with a Whole New Formulation!” (No, they did not get anywhere near the same color…)
I’ve only ever had to try to match existing light color paint. I once had a water leak in an entry way. Ok, fix the leak, repaint the ceiling. Except the ceiling in the entry flowed without transitions into the living room, kitchen, dining room, den and back hallway. 75% of the first floor. Thankfully I found a painter that was really good, could eyeball that the paint had yellowed over the previous 15 years, and added gold paint to the base white, until you could only see the repainted area if you looked for it.
Ah, that I could see. As well as the point about paint in the kitchen with oil/grease/etc gumming it up. I was thinking more colored paint in a living room that gets sun.