Cookware questions

Ok, I’m am rather clueless when it comes to cooking, but it’s something I’m trying to get better at but have become overwhelmed with all the cookware choices. I’ve been looking around at different pot and pan brands and have found a humongous difference in price, coatings, weight, etc. and have came with the following questions regarding these:

  1. Why would anyone want a non-non-stick pan (aluminum/copper/etc) over a teflon coated non-stick pan? Are they used for different ways of cooking? Do I need a set of both kinds?

  2. Why does the weight of the pan matter?

  3. What’s the best brand of cookware for value vs. cost? (i.e. Will a $30 pan generally work as an $60 pan?)

  4. In the non-non-stick pans, what’s the difference between the various types (i.e. copper/aluminum/steel/whatever else there is out there)

Thanks for any help

You are confronted by a choice that will shape a lot of your future cooking habits. Some questions:

  1. How cost sensitive is your decision?

This will affect the quality and longevity of your selection.

  1. Do you like to cook a lot?

If you are novice or infrequent cook it changes things.

  1. Are you on a weight reduction diet?

This will influence the recommendation.

  1. Do you cook a wide variety of food?

Certain foods need certain pots.

  1. Are you able to lift heavy pans?

This affects what type of pan you want.

  1. Do you like to move pans from stove to oven?

This affects your pans’ construction.

  1. I always recommend Le Creuset enameled cookware. It is rather expensive but also of heirloom quality. It performs well with all cuisines and is non-reactive with acidic foods. It cooks very evenly and requires little maintenance. Most coated nonstick cookware has a very short lifetime when put to daily use. Coated pans are easily damaged and require plastic or wood implements that perform poorly. Less expensive pans rarely have the mass required to distribute heat properly. This often results in pans with “hot spots” and burned, unevenly heated or overcooked food. Cast iron performs well but it is chemically reactive and cannot be used with acidic foods.

  2. If you do not like to cook a lot, then you will want to keep your investment to a minimum. Pan performance will not be a significant factor in low use applications. If you are a regular cook there are many other factors that will influence your choice. These are durability, chemical reactivity, weight and temperature response.

  3. If you are attempting to lose weight, nonstick pans may permit avoidance of oils and fats needed to lubricate uncoated pans. After extended use, even uncoated pans require less oils to work properly. The break in period is longer for enamelware and cast iron but once conditioned they outperform all others.

  4. If you prepare a wide range of cuisines, you will want pans that are versatile. Having to pick and choose among pans depending upon what’s being cooked is bothersome and limiting. Enamelware is not sensitive to any foodstuffs and permits the greatest ease of use.

  5. Cast iron is excellent for many applications but is much heavier than enamelware. Cast iron does react with acids and tomato products and has limited applications. If you do not possess a lot of strength in your forearms, the heavier nature of cast iron or enamelware may influence your decision. Cooking should be fun and not a workout.

  6. Cast iron and enamelware are the most versatile selection for stove to oven movement. Many nonstick pans cannot be subjected to high heat.

Final Notes: New generations of clad cookware have appeared on the market. One of the most common is hard anodized aluminum clad over steel or copper. Hard anodized aluminum has a near ceramic type of finish. It does not react chemically and permits lighter weight cookware. Despite its hardness, anodized finishes need to be ‘babied’ more than cast iron or enamel surfaces. It is a principal reason they do not appear in my kitchen. A metal spatula allows nimble movement and turning of foods that plastic or wooden utensils do not.

There has yet to be proved any link between Alzheimer’s disease and aluminum. High concentrations of aluminum have been found in affected brain cells but it is still debated as to whether this is a cause or result of the affliction. I prefer to take no chances and will stick to inert enamelware.

Nearly all nonstick and clad cookware uses aluminum, anodized or not. Aluminum conducts heat rapidly and does not heat evenly. Clad cookware attempts to overcome this by sandwiching the more conductive aluminum layer onto a slow heating thermal mass like stainless steel. Clad cookware is more sensitive to abuse and still does not perform so well as cast iron or enamelware. The cost of top notch, clad cookware (i.e., Caphalon) can range quite close to high end enamelware.

These are some of the considerations you will need to make when deciding upon your selection. Please post any further questions you might have.

Wow, thanks Zenster. That was more helpful than all the talking I’ve done with sales clerks combined. Though I must admit, some of the lingo is a little beyond me.

What exactly in enamelware? Is it something like ceramic? Would it shatter if I were to drop it?

When you say Le Creuset cookware is expensive, how expensive are we talking about? And where do you this kind of cookware?

To answer you questions:

  1. How cost sensitive is your decision?

I’m generally willing to pay for quality in so long as the price difference is in close proportion to increase in quality. I would not pay say an extra $100 dollars if it didn’t make much or any difference in how well the food turns out or didn’t lengthen the life of the cookware significantly.

  1. Do you like to cook a lot?

I’ll probably be cooking about 4-5 meals per week with 2-4 items cooked per meal. At least that is my goal. It would also be fun to occassionly do a full 7 course meal, but I doubt I’d do that more than once per month or two.

  1. Are you on a weight reduction diet?

I’m not, but I could certainly benefit from the loss of a few pounds. Actually more like 30.

  1. Do you cook a wide variety of food?

I know I like a lot of different kinds of foods and would at least like to try my hand at some of them.

  1. Are you able to lift heavy pans?

No problems there.

  1. Do you like to move pans from stove to oven?

I don’t know exactly why I’d need to do something like that, but if it helps or is a needed thing, then yes.

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B00005OTWY/ref=pd_sxp_elt_l1/102-2344231-1482551

Revere is my favorite for all kinds of cooking, and not so pricey.

Non-stick pans do cook differently than standard surface pans. If you’re searing meats, you will have much less stuff left stuck to the pan to use for making a sauce, for instance. Non-stick also needs to be babied, or you’ll scratch and ruin it. My non-stick set has lasted about 4 years now, not too bad, and it’s still in good condition. Don’t treat it right, and it will be ruined very quickly.

I have no experience with the enameled cookware, but stanless steel cooking surfaces have become more popular, especially with the clad style Zenster mentioned. Do not buy stanless steel that is not clad with aluminum, it won’t heat properly.

Mass is important to distribute the heat evenly, my cheap non-stick set has a heavy aluminum disk sandwiched in the bottom, and performs rather well, considering. Mine also comes with metal handles so I can go from stovetop to oven without worry, though very high heat (broiler) is not good for nonstick.

Cast iron is very nice for frying, having a few pieces like a pan and a dutch oven will round out your set well without breaking the bank.

On preview, Le Creuset is very expensive, as is All-Clad (my dream equipment), Calphalon is a bit less expensive, but still not cheap. These brands are designed to pretty much last a lifetime, but the initial investment is high.

Oh, the other thing that weight does is load the pan with internal heat energy when it gets hot. That way, when you put a piece of food in it, the pan doesn’t cool down as fast, and keeps the cooking temperature right. A thin pan will cool quickly where the food is and you have to wait for the burner to get it back up to temp.

  1. Why would anyone want a non-non-stick pan (aluminum/copper/etc) over a teflon coated non-stick pan? Are they used for different ways of cooking? Do I need a set of both kinds?

Non-stick pans need to be handled more carefully – you can’t use most metal implements or you scratch the teflon. Non-cared for (scratched) Teflon is a very yucky cooking surface – bits of teflon in your food? No thanks. (there are some VERY high-end teflon pans that claim to be metal-proof. Google Scanpan 2000). Some of them can’t go in the dishwasher, some of them can’t go in the oven. I used both non-stick and cast-iron pans. The non-stick pans I use to cook very sticky items, mostly eggs, potatoes and sticky asian rice noodles. Everything else I cook in my cast iron pans.

  1. Why does the weight of the pan matter?
    The heavier a pan is, the more evenly it will distribute the heat, thus a more uniform cooking surface, less chance of burning the food.

  2. What’s the best brand of cookware for value vs. cost? (i.e. Will a $30 pan generally work as an $60 pan?)

Used cast iron pans bought at yard sales for $3 are THE BEST value for the money. They are already seasoned and so have a semi-non-stick surface (new cast iron pans take some breaking in). They are very heavy and conduct heat uniformly. Using cast-iron pans is also a dietary source of iron, which is important for some people.

  1. In the non-non-stick pans, what’s the difference between the various types (i.e. copper/aluminum/steel/whatever else there is out there)
    -Steel: nice n’ shiny. Your basic average pan. Make sure it has a thick plate on the underside to distribute heat. Machine washable. better for saucepans than frying pans, IMHO.
    -Aluminum: usually really cheap. Really light and burns food easily. The exception is “Calphalon-style” anodized aluminum which are nice, heavy pans. Some people love these, I’m not crazy about them (the noise it makes when you stir with a metal spoon sends chills up my spine.) Also NOT machine washable, and I’m not crazy about the handles, they get very hot.
    -Copper or copper-lined steel. Copper conducts heat much more effectively and uniformly than steel. However copper pans are “reactive” meaning they make some foods taste coppery. Steel pans with some copper on the outside for conduction avoid this problem. Revereware makes some nice saucepans in this style that are affordable.
    -Cast-iron. The best style of frying pan, IMHO. Can be bought very cheaply or inherited from your grandmother. Will last a lifetime and then some. Oven safe. You shouldn’t wash them with soap, which is hard for some people to wrap their brains around (shouldn’t go in the dishwasher, either.) My parents have cast-iron everything, including saucepans. I think the saucepans are too heavy for practical use, but the stockpot & frying pans are awesome.

Here’s what I have, I think it’s perfect. :slight_smile:
1 large and 1 medium cast iron frying pans ($5 range at yard sales)
1 medium and 1 small non-stick frying pans ($25 range, Target) -I got the medium one last week, so I’ve lived without it an awfully long time.
1 set “department store brand” steel sauce pans with glass lids (1 qt, 2 qt, 3 qt & stockpot) ~$125 for the set (included a steel frying pan that I gave away)

I received the sauce pans as a gift, if I had my choice I probably would have gotten the copper-clad Revereware, but what I have is functional and fine. 90% of the time I use them to boil water (or heat other liquids) anyway.

An example of moving something from stove to oven is, like, when I make chicken parmesan, I fry the chicken, then sprinkle cheese on top and bake it in the sauce. Because the pan is oven safe I only use 1 dish, instead of having to transfer to a baking dish.

For oven-type cookware I love Emile Henry. It will cost you a fortune, so don’t bother if you’re not serious.

Used properly, a non-stick pan and a “sticky” pan can do exactly the same thing! To make a “sticky” pan into a non-stick pan, just heat the pan before you add your cooking fat (butter or oil or whatever). Heating the pan first opens the pores in the metal to the cooking fat, thus eliminating sticking. I don’t know if the reasoning is solid (heard it at cooking school), but it has always worked for me.

I have one non-stick and one “sticky” fry pan; two big stock pots with lids; two 2-quart saucepans; and some misc pieces. Except for the non-stick fry pan, all of mine are heavy duty stainless steel. The “antique” ones (got them from my MIL, maybe 30 years old) are still the best. I miss my cast iron pan, but I haven’t wanted to bother seasoning one lately.

Cast iron pans are magic. With a well-seasoned cast iron pan, you can cook eggs with no butter!

For oven-type cookware I love Emile Henry. It will cost you a fortune, so don’t bother if you’re not serious.

Used properly, a non-stick pan and a “sticky” pan can do exactly the same thing! To make a “sticky” pan into a non-stick pan, just heat the pan before you add your cooking fat (butter or oil or whatever). Heating the pan first opens the pores in the metal to the cooking fat, thus eliminating sticking. I don’t know if the reasoning is solid (heard it at cooking school), but it has always worked for me.

I have one non-stick and one “sticky” fry pan; two big stock pots with lids; two 2-quart saucepans; and some misc pieces. Except for the non-stick fry pan, all of mine are heavy duty stainless steel. The “antique” ones (got them from my MIL, maybe 30 years old) are still the best. I miss my cast iron pan, but I haven’t wanted to bother seasoning one lately.

Cast iron pans are magic. With a well-seasoned cast iron pan, you can cook eggs with no butter!

Sorry about the double-post, I was getting wierd “can’t find server” messages when I hit “reply!”

:smiley:

This is all some the best and most clear advice I’ve gotten anywhere. I have a much better ideal of what to avoid and what the different characteristics of the pans are.

I have one more question then these cast-iron pans. Several of you all mentioned that they need to be seasoned, how is this accomplished? Also, Hello Again mentioned that you don’t wash them with soap. Why is this and how do you then clean them?

Cast iron is seasoned by heating the pan with some oil coating the surface. The oil penetrates the oil and provides a somewhat non-stick surface. Also, when you use the pan over and over, the surface builds up and gets better. Mine is pretty much black throughout and is quite sturdy. I clean it with hot tap water and a scrub brush, very little actually sticks hard to the surface. For stubborn food, I put in salt and oil, scrubbing with a paper towel. Once the food is loose, just rinse off. A final coat with a bit of oil and you’re good to go.

Soap binds to oil, and will bind to the oil that protects the pan, washing it out and messing up the non-stick surface you’ve built.

Bah, “the oil penetrates the iron and provides a non stick surface”

Basically with cast iron the oils sort of “soak in” to the metal, filling in the pores and creating a somewhat non-stick finish that is called “seasoning.” If you scrub them with soap or abrasives you remove that nice layer of seasoning. To clean them, fill them with water and soak till whatever is stuck to them gets soft (like a 1/2 hour… .not overnight). Then scrub out with a sponge or brush or scrubbie or whatever you use. Rinse. Dry. No soap. Soap bad.

If you buy new cast iron pans they look kind of silvery. You want to use them till they get good and blackened. You get instructions with new pans that tell you to spread oil in the bottom and then heat them in the oven. This is a good start, but they won’t be seasoned until you’ve used them quite a bit, preferably to cook oily foods like bacon and hamburgers. Thus my advice to buy them well-used at garage sales/thrift stores.

I’m a very serious amateur cook, and I love my non-non-stick All-Clad pans. I’ve got a couple of them, purchased randomly from closeouts and sets that had been broken up at stores, some of them at really good deals. They make a couple of styles, but I’m happy with the cheapest ones, without a shiny stainless steel surface on the outside. The brushed aluminum works for me.

Stuff won’t stick too badly if you heat your pan properly, and use enough oil. Quite often you want something to stick a little - seared meat leaves browned stuff behind which ends up in any pan sauce that you make when you deglaze the pan. I also like having the bright, shiny surface to cook in - I’ve got some anodized aluminum Calphalon pans, and while I don’t mind them performance-wise, I prefer the shiny surface as it makes it easier to see just how brown something is getting.

I’ve got one non-stick All-Clad pan that I use for some things - delicate fish, crepes, other things that I really don’t want to stick at all. It works fine, and can still go into the oven, but I don’t like it as much - things just don’t brown the same in it as the do in a non-non-stick pan. You don’t get the nice crust on seared meat that you do in a “stick” pan.

I’ve also got a large cast iron skillet, a two-burner cast iron griddle, a couple of pieces of Calphalon, etc. Each of these has its place, but if I had to choose one style, it would be non-non-stick All-Clad.

When I first got serious about cooking, I started building my collection - the difference between using thin, cheap, K-Mart frying pans and heavy, even-heating All-Clad (or other heavy bottomed serious pans) is remarkable. It might take you a while to adapt to it, but it gives you better performance and control. All-stainless pans aren’t very good, as stainless steel is a poor conductor of heat, while aluminum is reactive with acidic foods, so you want something that counteracts each of these drawbacks.

Also, make sure you can put your pans into the oven or under the broiler - for me, at least, this is vital. You’ll be able to brown things on top of the stove and finish them in the oven, without overcooking them, which is what it’s all about for a lot of things . True, the handles get hot, but grab one once and you’ll never do it again.

You can season a cast-iron pan by covering it with some sort of fat and heating it in the oven for an hour or so, then wiping the grease off. You can repeat this a couple of times, and the more you use the pan, the darker and shinier it’ll get. Eventually it will be fully seasoned. To clean it, just use hot water and one of those plastic dish-scrubbers; this avoids using soap and will remove anything that might stick to the pan. Dry it throughly and you’ll be set.

I’m partial to All-Clad myself. I have a few Le Creuset pans, and IMO, the frying pans aren’t that great, and they’re too heavy for my taste. But others, like Zenster like them quite a bit, so they’re probably at least worth a look.

Enamelware refers to cast ironed covered with an Enamel coating. No, it won’t shatter if you drop it. It will break your foot, though! Cast iron is heavy!

If you’re on a budget, I agree with everyone else who says go with cast iron. You can’t beat the cooking quality of cast iron at the price. The drawbacks are the weight, and the cast iron may react with certain foods.

If you can spend a bit of money, I’d go with All-Clad. Ukelele Ike will be along soon enough to back me up on this. Amazon.com has good prices on All-Clad. A basic nine-piece set runs a little over $500 - not cheap, but you will never replace these pans. If they ever fail you, All Clad will send you a new one. Forever.

I could wax poetic about the virtues of All-Clad, but I’d instead direct you to some third party reviews. Cook’s Illustrated is a great resource - if you’re serious about cooking, you might want to check out their $19.95 yearly online subscription. You’ll get really great reviews about all kinds of cookware (including pots and pans) as well as access to tons and tons of recipes. However, I digress. Check out the following free reviews (make sure to look at the ratings chart avaiable in .pdf format at the end of each article):

Choosing the right saucepan

Choosing a saute pan

Testing large roasting pans

Non-stick vs. normal: I have both. I like nonstick, but I don’t like that I have to be so careful with it. I did manage to kill one of mine (an All-Clad; they replaced it free of charge). Can’t beat 'em for easy cleanup and low-fat cooking, though.

I use my normal pans for foods that I want to develop a crust, for stuff that won’t fit in my nonstick, and for days that I want to use a metal spatula.

I’m noticing that Lodge cast iron has a new line of pre-seasoned pans called Lodge Logic. Supposedly they apply oil and heat at the factory now and the pans come non-stick (& teflon-free) out of the box. $74 gets you two fry pans, a medium saucepan, and dutch oven (a big deep pot, smaller than a stock pot, good for stews, pasta, non-industrial batches of soup) , plus two lids. You can’t beat it, really. That’s like the cost of 1 Calphalon pan.

http://www.cast-iron-cookware.com/cast-iron-dutch-oven.html

I’m partial to both cast iron and hard anodized aluminum so I’ve got lots of Lodge pans, griddles and dutch ovens as well as some Calphalon commercial hard anodized.

Zenster I’m puzzled by your remark that hard anodized needs to be babied. I use steel utinsels in my sauté and have never had a problem. I clean mine with abrasive cleanser and green Scotchbrite, the most abrasive kind - I use it to get rust off cast iron tools. Of course aluminum and anodizing is sensitive to bases so of course you can’t put it in the diswasher or use baking soda and oven cleaner would peel the anodizing off in a heartbeat. The commercial series also has cast stainless steel handles that stay extremely cool though I still use a potholder on lids and short loop handles. The upside is they can go into the oven. I really like the 10" omelette pan and even though it’s not supposed to it does build up a “seasoned” coat like cast iron will.

The Lodge stuff is terrific. TheLadyLion was convinced nothing could make genuine Indiana beef and noodles (with Shipshewana Amish egg noodles, yum-mee) like her mom’s cast aluminum roaster but the stovetop dutch oven made a believer out of her. The inside of the lid is covered in blunt spikes, making it look like a half-assed iron maiden but they actually provide points for the condensed juices to drip down all over the top of the food inside instead of just down the sides.

Damn, I haven’t done any real cooking in ages since we were so busy planning the wedding. My beutiful bride needs some made from scratch lasagne. I love this message board.

I just checked out the Lodge website and what they are offering looks perfect and reasonably priced.

My only concern is what Zenster wrote earlier about it:
“Cast iron does react with acids and tomato products and has limited applications.”

What exactly is this reaction? Does it change the taste of the food? Does it damage the pan? If it seriously affects the taste of tomato products, then I might have to skip on cast iron as a lot of the foods I like are tomato based.

I dunno. I cook tomato sauces and such in my cast iron and I’ve never noticed a metallic taste. I guess the acid in the tomatoes might be bad for the seasoning, but again, I’ve never noticed it ruining any of my pans either. So… :shrug: