Delusional parasitosis

I completely agree and would probably have not believed it had it not happened to me. In fact, I do get some things treated, but the treatments are frequently unsuccessful or at least only temporary in nature–and always on a symptom by symptom basis. The specialists will treat a single symptom or syndrome–for instance, an unexplained corneal abrasion or a lesion in my mouth. But no doctor looks at the total history and picture and says, whoa, there’s something really weird going on here.

It’s like being in the Twilight Zone sometimes. But in fact, there are thousands of us. As I have said, research is underway, but it goes very, very slowly due to lack of funds and facilities. Our illness doesn’t kill us (at least not quickly), and most of the parasitologists are working on the “big” ones–malaria, sleeping sickness, etc.

In response to the comment about the poor quality of my evidence, I accept the charge. I am not a scientist, and I do not have lab-grade equipment. (BTW, the fiber in the video was actually attached to the large blob on the left of the screen out of the field of view.) I’m not going to figure this out myself, and I know that. I should not be expected to locate a protozoa (or whatever) in my body somewhere. All I want is for a qualified team to do some top notch research. But that is apparently too much to ask in the 21st century in America.

I really don’t do much of that–I did some on those face lesions, using tweezers to pull off small samples at the edges. The rest of the stuff is pretty much on the surface. And I only started doing it when I couldn’t get the docs to do a scraping or any kind of microscopic exam themselves. Most of the pix are old–I’ve pretty much given up for all of the reasons you mention. I could keep looking at the same things over and over again, but they’re not very useful or convincing and I’ve got better things to do. I was without a scope for over a year, and hardly missed it. I have recently been asked by two of the research groups for photos, so I’ve tried to oblige. My main focus has been on trying to demonstrate the flimsy basis for the diagnosis of DOP by researching the literature, etc. I wanted to publish the piece on the concept and science of DOP on the web, and decided to put up some photos as well. It may backfire on me, given how unconvincing they appear to be to most people.

Count yourself lucky.

Seems to contradict your statement below:

Well, I’ve certainly never had a “patient, skilled workup.” Nor have I had a large number of medical tests and procedures. The only testing of skin diseases I’ve had were a punch biopsy in 1988 and bloodwork in 2001. I get the routine tests recommended by my family doctor for a person of my age, and not all of them at the recommended intervals, and I try to get to the dentist occasionally. These routine tests keep popping up weird results, and then the docs want to do some cutting. And if I experience non-skin symptoms that cause pain or distress, I do sometimes have them checked out. I don’t obsess over my health, I just do the best I can to live as normally as possible with my symptoms. I had never visited the “Cure Zone” or anything like it until you posted the link. I deplore the people trying to make a profit off of the frightened and vulnerable. I don’t believe in aliens from outer space. But I do have an undiagnosed illness and the most likely explanation for it is a parasitic infection, whether my pictures are worth looking at or not.

I also find it disturbing that your focus has been on the “looniness” of people in obvious distress. Like some of the dermatologists I have visited or whose work I have read, you seem to me to take some satisfaction in their (our) looniness, perhaps only that which comes from knowing that you are not yourself delusional. If I am not delusional (and I’m not), there is nothing to separate you from me in terms of mental health. What separates us is that you have not had the misfortune to acquire an unknown illness. Be grateful, not smug.

I also had that swab for a bacterial culture of facial lesions in 2002. Negative. And my last visit to a dermatologist.

Ever Hopeful , have you ever been assessed, diagnosed or treated for nerve pathologies, dysesthesias, etc.? It is relatively common for nerve problems to manifest as itching and crawling sensations.

I tried to check your site for this info, but it’s currently unavailable.

Oh great. I will contact the hosting company.

No, I have never been assessed for the problems you mention. The itching went away four years ago when the rash finally cleared up. The crawling sensations are rare and transient and only on my face now. They can be stopped by the application of something containing menthol, which seems a lot easier than a neurological workup that will probably cost a lot of money and show nothing. I am more concerned with the cysts and (non-itchy) lesions in odd places at this time.

Thank you for your inquiry and concern.

I don’t think so.

It is a well-known phenomenon that when a large number of medical tests are conducted, a prime example being a “complete blood workup”, the occasional anomaly will crop up that leads to further investigation. In the case of one family member, this was markedly elevated liver function test results, which when repeated were normal. In a more alarmist setting or with a more insistent patient, this could have led to a liver biopsy. The point is that false positives, ranging from a “suspicious” mammogram to an inaccurate blood test, can lead to unnecessary medical procedures and treatment for nonexistent conditions. This is completely different from assuming that because physical exams and a wide array of medical tests have turned up nothing, there must be something the doctors are missing.

This contradicts statements you made earlier about the assorted scrapings, biopsies and cultures you’ve had performed over the years.

I regret that you see it this way.

You started this thread to take issue with the Cecil column on delusional parasitosis, and to make the sweeping argument that there is no such thing as primary delusional parasitosis in the absence of other psychiatric illness or other precipitating conditions. Not just that you have been misdiagnosed, but that thousands of other people have as well.

What I and most others here have done is to take issue with your evidence and your conclusions, not to call you crazy or laugh at you. As I said before, I don’t doubt that you have suffered over these symptoms and hope you find lasting relief.

Speaking generally, when it comes to a number of psychiatric syndromes with accompanying physical signs and symptoms, it does the patient no good to focus exclusively on the physical aspects and neglect other elements, because one does not wish to offend the patient. By encouraging belief in undocumented parasites or other phantom causes of illness, effective treatment is delayed or denied and society as well suffers the consequences.

In that case, it would be a good idea to change the portion of your website that refers to your “delusions”. You may think this is a subtle way of demonstrating irony, but it comes across more as unattractive passive-aggressiveness. Mangetout is right; the site does not portray you in the best light.

I don’t believe I ever said that. In fact, my argument has been with the LACK of testing. I specifically stated that no doctor would do a skin scraping on me. Again, I had a punch biopsy done for PLEVA in 1988, bloodwork in 2001 while being treated for scabies, and a bacterial swab in 2002 of facial lesions. At some point my family doctor suggested a fungal culture of my toe nails, and I consented.

I have had doctors find things on routine exams and insist that I have further testing. Twice I have had lesions removed that I did not know I had, but that the doctors insisted were dangerous. The removed tissue was biopsied, with negative results.

I don’t know what posting the Cure Zone site contributes to this discussion, or your comments: “This website, in my humble opinion, is the most comprehensive collection of health looniness to be found online. Enjoy.” I may sound delusional to you and others, but you sound smug and superior to me, and I am trained in discourse analysis. What do you mean, “enjoy?”

Your first response to my initial post was to compare my photos to those in another context, and by implication to compare me to those other people: “These sorts of photos can be found in another type of setting - among adherents of colon and gallbladder “cleanses”. These enthusiasts are convinced that they are eliminating stones and various harmful foreign substances, and produce photos to “prove” it. Analyses by trained observers have identified such objects as fecal material and mucus. The people who are obsessive about recovering such material from their excrement do not believe it.” Your choice of example and diction (“enthusiasts,” “obsessive”) make it unnecessary for you to explicitly state your belief that I am crazy; it’s quite apparent from the post.

You are a pathologist, not a psychiatrist. (And I’m sorry about the botanist comment, it was clearly a mistake.) DOP is notoriosly resistant to any treatment, including psychiatric interventions, and including psychopharmaceuticals, which may work for a time, but which are often abandoned by the patient who is then “lost to treatment.”

I am considering doing so. It’s highly unlikely, however, that anything I say or any type of website I construct, will change your mind, or the minds of people like you. In the meantime, my site, with its trope of “delusions” is much appreciated by the other people who have had experiences similar to mine. I have data from my questionnaire of people who have been told they are imagining their symptoms or are specifically delusional that show that this diagnosis usually takes less than 15 minutes for a dermatologist to arrive at, and is offered without benefit of any testing. As long as that situation persists, I will continue to challenge the validity of the diagnosis. It is much easier to locate documented cases of people misdiagnosed with DOP who actually had parasites, than it is to locate documented cases of people appropriately diagnosed with DOP with the proper protocols performed. I have read as many case studies as I can get my hands on without locating a single unequivocal example of a case of primary DOP. If you have one, please provide it. I promise I will cite it and modify my thesis. In the meantime, pointing to the “looniness” of some websites and offering undocumented anecdotal comments about people poking through their own poop as evidence of the existence of primary DOP, are about as passive-aggressive as one can get.

It provides evidence of the surprisingly high number of people who are obsessive about the idea of being infested with parasites - to the extent that they will repeatedly undergo “parasite cleanses” or use a electrical “zapper”* in an attempt to rid their bodies of supposed parasites. I doubt many of these people are clinically “crazy” - they just are prey to a loony idea. Other preoccupations with nonexistent bugs or those that are in the vast majority of cases harmless, have spawned numerous books and “interventions” (for example, the “candidiasis epidemic”). Delusional parasitosis appears to be part of the same spectrum.

Wait’ll you spend some more time on the SDMB, and see what reception habitually awaits badly documented but insistently presented pseudoscientific theories. You’ll have enough material for several PhD theses.

No treatment which is refused by the patient can be effective.
As for those who do accept antipsychotic drug therapy and are helped - it is a mystery just how these drugs can be effective in eliminating symptoms in supposedly non-delusional patients.

I don’t doubt this for a moment.

*More on the “Zapper” and how all cancer cases can be linked to a liver parasite. :rolleyes:

Like primary DOP? Show me the documentation. Where are the case studies? And, btw, as for the efficacy of psychopharmaceuticals, I do not recall off the top of my head how many successful cases have been documented in the literature, but I believe it’s a total of around 30, and that includes a lot of secondary DOP, especially drug abusers and older people suffering from dementia. And one of the drugs of choice does have a powerful anti-itch property. I can find far more people reporting success with certain specific antibiotic combinations (which I am not at all advocating) than I can find documented successes with psychopharms. I am suspicious of both types of reports, due to my own experience with the relapsing/remitting course of my illness, and always ask people to wait until they have been clear of the illness for a least six months after discontinuing whatever treatment they are trying before declaring themselves cured by any drug, supplement, etc. By this standard, even the psychopharms would generally fail.

I forgot to mention that, as much as I deplore the snake-oil and gadget salespeople who are preying upon the uninformed and vulnerable, I equally deplore the dermatologists who are charging $100 and more for a ten minute office visit during which no diagnostic protocols are undertaken, but during which they do roll their eyes and smirk as they proclaim “delusional.” The reason patients have no recourse against these doctors is because this is “the standard of care,” a legal term meaning that which is typical or normal for a doctor to do. If it were unusual or considered negligent, a patient meeting this kind of “treatment” could sue.

Again, let’s take a hard look at the actual documentation, shall we? Find me those case studies and I will read them carefully.

There are numerous case studies, which are accessible through a PubMed search, and with which you are probably familiar. Here is just one recent one (this is a link via a medical library which might not be universally viewable; if not, the paper is from the British Journal of Dermatology, June 1998 (Zomer et al).

All of these can be challenged by those who dispute the existence of delusional parasitosis, on the grounds that researchers could not prove that some hitherto unknown and mysterious parasite was not involved and undetected by standard tests. “Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence!”, etc. etc.

From the paper cited above: “…it is of no use attempting to convince patients that they are not infested by parasites, because their conviction is unshakeable.”
And with that I will stop.

An opportunity to mention one of my favorite words.

Formication

“An abnormal feeling like the sensation of ants crawling on the skin.”

From Morgellons Foundation website:

"The unknown fibers associated with skin lesions can be described as coenocytic (aseptate), smooth-walled, branching, filamentous objects. The fibers have been analyzed by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and have tentatively been identified as cellulose.

The elongated fibers are often twisted into balls or what appear to be bundles of fibers, as they grow within the skin. Many people refer to these bundles as fiber balls, fuzz balls, or lint balls. The fibers are clearly hyphae-like structures, and yet, due their immense size (150 microns wide), they do not fall within the description of known hyphae or pseudohyphae. The fibers are most often white, but are also consistently seen as blue, black, and rarely red. The fibers exhibit a high degree of autofluorescence and are not textile derived." (Bolding added)

A few images from the scanning electron microscopy are available at the site:

http://morgellons.org/fibers.html

This group is doing some research, but is slow to publish its methods and findings. Their primary focus appears to be on Lyme disease as the precipitating factor causing a decreased immune function allowing the skin to be compromised and invaded by other organisms.

Dr. Harvey is on the Medical Advisory Board of the Morgellons Foundation:

"But a former NASA physician and epidemiologist based in Houston believes there is an infectious bacteria at the heart of this problem. Dr. William Harvey is the current chairman of the NASA Education Advisory Committee. He has documented more than 565 of these (Borreliosis) cases in Texas and says 94% of (those with Morgellons’ skin lesions) have tested positive for the bacteria associated with Lyme disease, or Borreliosis. “I think we are a looking at a major problem that has been unrecognized in humanity right now.”

Harvey co-authored a published medical study concluding the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, associated with Lyme disease, could be at the heart of a widely unknown misdiagnosed infection. In 2003 Harvey published his research in the medical journal Medical Hypotheses. His article ‘Lyme Disease’: Ancient Engine of an Unrecognized Borreliosis Pandemic, suggests that the bacteria associated with Lyme disease is much more widely distributed. “The yet-unrecognized form appears to have a broader clinical presentation, wider geographic distribution, and vastly greater prevalence,” Harvey wrote in his report. He says research suggests it attacks the immune system in a specific way rendering it susceptible to these unusual organisms. “The lab tests that we do are predictably showing certain immune damage and it is consistent from patient to patient to patient to patient.”

From a news report on this condition, available here: http://www.2online.com/x5154.xml?ParentPageID=x5157&ContentID=x53603&Layout=KBCI.xsl&AdGroupID=x5154

(I am not suggesting a news report is appropriate documentation of this illness.)

On the double-bind we are in regarding research, from another news report: http://www.rgj.com/news/stories/html/2004/05/08/70307.php

[Dr. Peter Lynch, a dermatologist for 40 years, offers this:]

“‘If there were a peer-reviewed study, with 15 or 20 patients who have the same exact thing in their skins, then maybe I’d believe it,” Lynch said. “When fiberglass curtains first came out, many people with skin conditions were diagnosed with delusions of parasitosis (DOP). But studies showed these patients had tiny (fiberglass particles) in their skin.’

“But Lynch said it’s unlikely researchers will be interested in getting grants to test theories that experts say can’t be true. ‘The indication is that kind of study won’t be fruitful,’ he said.”

Thank you. I’m going to have to pay $25 to read this, and I will do it, but I actually have other, non-delusional activities to pursue today. However, here is a quote from the abstract:

“Pimozide (Orap) was prescribed for 24 patients [of the 33 studied], but only 18 patients took it. Follow-up information was available for 18 patients: five had full remission, four were less symptomatic, five were unchanged and four had died of unrelated causes.”

I will have to read the full text to see how many of those were considered to be cases of secondary DOP, what diagnostics were performed, etc. But my immediate responses are (1) that’s an enormously high death rate, and I would very much like to know what caused those deaths, and (2) it’s not a very impressive success rate–exactly 50% including those who are only “less symptomatic” of those taking this drug, only 28% “full remission.” It is apparently not a double-blinded study, so no information is available on the comparable success rate with a placebo.

As I say, I will be busy with other activities for most of the day, but I will get that article and read it carefully as soon as I can. Thank you again for suggesting at least one actual study that I can respond to.

You determined this just from reading the summary? The best you could conclude is that that it is unknown whether it was a double-blind study with placebos. It appears you are jumping to conclusions in your haste to discredit evidence that does not support your thesis.

Not really. It would be unusual for such important information to be omitted from an abstract. However, the point is moot. I have read the article and it is not a double-blinded study and provides no comparison of the efficacy of the prescribed drug to a placebo.

Well, you picked a bad one from your point of view, I’m afraid. The article does not distinguish between primary and secondary DOP. The patient group is somewhat atypical. The ratio of male to female subjects was higher than is typically reported, the duration of the illness is shorter than is typically reported, only 50% exhibited the “matchbox sign,” only 18% had seen more than one dermatologist and 27% had seen no dermatologist. The success rate with Pimozide was lower than other studies reported (28% full remission vs. 50%).

The diagnostic procedures are not described, except for this statement: “In 45% of the patients in whom tests were performed, laboratory investigations (full blood count and biochemistry) were all normal.” It doesn’t say how many patients had these tests. And clearly 55% of those tested had abnormal results.

Because it doesn’t distinguish between primary and secondary DOP nor describe whether any of these patients suffered from any of the common precipitating causes of secondary DOP, it cannot be used to document the existence of primary DOP.

The 28% success rate with Pimozide is unimpressive, especially without controls receiving a placebo or another drug.

The death rate is absolutely astonishing. The report does not provide specific data for the patients who died, but a death rate of 22% (4 of 18) or even 12% (4 of 33, assuming none of the patients not available for follow-up had died) is shocking unless every patient who died was extremely elderly. For comparison purposes, the death rate in the US (the study was done in the Netherlands) from all causes for people aged 55-64 in 1996 was 1.094%, for people aged 65-74 was 2.538%, for people aged 75-84 was 5.803%, and for people aged 85 and above was 15.327% (CDC data).

The chances of dying while taking Pimozide were almost as high as the chances of obtaining a full recovery (22% vs. 28%).

I absolutely do not know what to make of this. (But I don’t think I’ll take the drug without more information.)

Again, thank you for the invitation and the opportunity to discuss a specific piece of the literature.

This is not convincing logic. The description doesn’t “clearly” represent hyphae to me. It sounds quite descriptive of textile fibers. You can’t just ignore the fact that these fibers are way too big to be hyphae. It’s part of the evidence. I would like to know what part of that description proves that these aren’t textiles.

What would you accept as a documented case of primary DOP? What would the researchers/doctors have to do to convince you that the diagnosis is correct?

No argument. One reason I’m not real enthusiastic about this group is that they make statements like this and simply expect us to accept them without providing enough information or documentation.

Red Stilettos, you are the smartest. This is exactly the right question to ask. And I don’t have a good answer for you. But, at a minimum, I would expect skin scrapings negative for scabies and the ruling out of some or most of the main causes of secondary DOP (drug abuse, diabetes, thyroid problems, vitamin b-12 deficiencies, schizophrenia, and dementia–this last might present some problems, but some effort should be made to at least indicate that dementia does not appear to be present). Bloodwork for the white blood cells typically elevated in response to a parasitic infection like scabies (not terribly diagnositic, I believe, because I think they are also elevated in response to allergens). If the patient has not had the symptoms for a long time, those transient parasites–bird mites, swimmers itch if appropriate, etc.–should be considered. Patients should also probably be checked for higher than normal levels of demodex mites, and for allergic response to demodex mites. (Oh, goodness, this is becoming a wish list. None of this will ever happen.)

And I believe that a black-light examination can also be useful–I’ll have to check on why and what it demonstrates or confirms or rules out. This seems easy and cheap and if useful should probably become a standard protocol.

I would also like to see the derms simply study the skin visually and under the microscope for abnormalities and the presence of any obvious foreign materials.

Beyond that, I believe that, given the high incidence of Lyme disease reported by some researchers, and the relatively high incidence of Babesiosis as a co-infection of Lyme Disease, I think it would be prudent to test for both Lyme disease and the presence of babesia, and treat them if necessary before diagnosing DOP.

Then there is the question of toxoplasmosis. My attention has recently been directed to this in my own case because, 13 years before I ever experienced “parasite” symptoms, I was diagnosed with PLEVA, which I have just learned has been connected to toxoplasmosis. PLEVA has a lot of similarities to the illness I call an unidentified parasite, but without the itching or crawling sensations. I’m still thinking about this, but it might be at least reasonable to test for toxoplasmosis and treat it if present. Of course, it’s somewhat unfair to expect this now, with the relative general lack of knowledge about either PLEVA or toxoplasmosis by derms. PLEVA is so rare that I have been told most derms won’t ever see a case of it. Still, for purposes of eliminating the possibility that toxoplasmosis might be implicated in this other illness, it might be one place to start changing the protocol. It would also make an excellent place for researchers to begin. If, as a 1989 study says, eliminating toxoplasmosis cleared PLEVA lesions, it would be a good research project to see if it would also clear this other thing.

And then there is the difficult question of leishmaniasis. Although only known to occur in humans in Texas within the US, its presence in dogs in 21 of our states is a worry. I remember reading a researcher who stated that wherever leish is found in dogs, it is also found in humans, but I’ve lost the cite. The disease is not well understood and it is possible that strains of it in temperate regions produce very mild symptoms. But I suppose it’s unreasonable for me to expect derms to order up leishmaniasis tests for most of us, and they might not be accurate anyway if we’re dealing with a new strain. However, given the concern by the researchers studying the problem in dogs (including some with very impressive credentials–the researchers, not the dogs) that the parasite could begin to infect humans, it would probably be a good idea to start some kind of pilot screening study just to check the population for this potential problem. Again, pretty unlikely and probably not fair to expect in retrospect.

But, to answer your question, at this point probably no existing reports would seem convincing to me. I have seen and heard from too many people with lesions, too many people who are sick, too many people reporting identical symptoms, and too many people who want to get well, to be convinced now that they are all delusional. The problem is worldwide, although more prevalent in some areas than other. I think the identical nature of the course of illness in so many cases among people who have never been in contact with each other is probably most convincing to me. I have just heard from an acarologist in South Africa who has seen dozens of people with the same symptoms I have, who does not believe they are delusional, and who feels helpless in the face of their suffering.

I do believe that the vast majority of us suffer from an unknown illness, which really does not seem like such a preposterous idea that it merits us being labeled delusional, even if it does involve parasites. What I want is research–skilled, careful, well-designed research to do everything possible to locate the causative organism. I think it will be very hard to do; I think this thing is very difficult to detect; I think it might take years. And in the meantime, I want the derms to stop rolling their eyes and smirking. The amount of pain they are causing is incredible. I think that rather than diagnosing us as delusional, it would be more appropriate to diagnose us with an unknown illness and to offer support for getting some of the testing done that I have suggested. I know of no cure for this condition, but I don’t think psychopharmaceuticals are the best prescription. Many of us have found things that are less dangerous that offer symptomatic relief. And there are good reasons that they work. They probably represent a better, safer alternative than powerful anti-psychotics or than abandoning the patient to his or her own devices.

So you have caught me out, Red. I am unconvinceable. But I do think writers should work towards a higher level of proof and provide more details than that article I just read.

One other thing they could do, as I have suggested before, is to test the efficacy of the psychopharms vs. some of the safer anti-parasitics in double-blinded studies. We’d have to get to the point where we had some notion which anti-parasitic might be useful, i.e., an anthelmic or the DOC for babesia or something else. Certain broad-spectrum and relatively safe anti-parasitics–ivermectin, vermox–might be the first things to try. If the disease responds as well or better to anti-parasitics than it does to anti-psychotics, we’ll have gotten a good deal closer.