I can’t find out the stipend that the USOC gives participants, but I’m certain there is one. There also bonuses for winning medals. Also the USOC can subsidize training and also provide health insurance to athletes, especially in sports that don’t make a lot of money (or any money) like archery.
Since you didn’t state whether you were interested in ancient or modern Olympians, I’ll answer for the ancients. Victors in the ancient Olympics - there was only first place - got no monetary reward from the event itself. All they received was an Olive Wreath or Laurel, Pine, depending on the site of the games - there were four sites, Olympia, being the most renowned and prestigious. However, the victor’s city did provide him (99% of ancient Olympian victors were male) with financial reward. Athens, for example, provided extensive monetary reward, a triumphal procession, as well as a life-long meal ration. A great book to consult for information about the ancient Olympics is Stephan Millers’ Ancient Greek Athletics.
As for modern Olympics, it does very much depend on the country. I know Canada has a sliding scale and rewards victory. The problem with giving finanical support to winners is that in many sports, by the time the next Olympics roles around, they are in the upper age echelons of competitors.
What I was getting at was not performance rewards. A winner is going to get tons of endorsements offers. What I’m wondering about is whether the athletes get ‘walking around money’. Suppose they want to go to a nightclub or out to dinner. Or they want to go shopping; perhaps for a souvenier, or clothes, or whatever. Think of the vacations offered by contests. they often include spending money as well as airfare and accommodations. People can spend as much as they like, but the contest only gives them a certain amount. So anything more comes out of their own pockets.
So do athletes get a per diem so that they have some money to spend? Or does all money they want to spend come out of their own pockets?
Based on the link below it seems stipends and the like are administered differently for each sport and doled out by that sport’s governing body. I assume amounts and details differ but I really do not know.
Then there is this which seems to support that it is handled by each sport’s governing body.
This sounds like an athlete who doesn’t have a lot of money of his/her own can ask the USOC for a stipend. Some of them, like Bode Miller or Sasha Cohen, are probably wealthy enough already to have enough money to take care of themselves. The Olympic Villages do provide food and entertainment for all the athletes. (Oh and stuff like shelter too.)