I’m trying to remember my “Communications Law” class from college, plus the changes since then. Too lazy to look it all up and provide links right now. So take all of this with a grain of salt.
Station ownership limits have been increased by the FCC several times during the deregulation era of the 80s and 90s. I believe an entity can own up to 35% of the market in the entire country( 35% of TV, 35% of radio). On the local level, an owner can own up to 35% of a local market stations, with a maximum of 8 stations in a particular market. IIRC, there are exceptions such as a single entity can’t currently own a broadcast TV station and a newspaper in the same market. But there has been talk of changing that rule. Sod off Michael Powell.
UPN and WB are usually considered “junior networks” in the US since neither one currently airs seven nights of network programming over their affiliate stations, much like Fox in it’s early years. Most of the UPN and WB affiliates are independently owned, as noted by many others, with distribution agreements to air network programming. Most broadcast network programming in the US is delivered this way, regardless of the network.
Several years ago, a local independent station where I live began to carry WB shows, becoming an affiliate. After a couple of years, WB dumped the station as an affiliate for some reason. I heard rumors why but nothing concrete enough to state here. The station and it’s owner do have bad reputations in the area going back for many years though.
Also, a local UPN affiliate’s finanical troubles came to light recently after it couldn’t pay it’s licensing fees to UPN. At one point a few weeks ago, the station’s assests, FCC license, and new broadcast tower were set to be auctioned off. But that has since been put on hold.
The only case where I’ve heard of a network in the US currently owning the majority of it’s affiliates is PAX. PAX considers itself a “seventh network” because so many over-the-air stations (most of which Paxson Commuincations owns) carry its programming, so it falls under the FCC’s “must carry rules” for cable operators. Although, IIRC, most of the homes that receive PAX in the US, get it from cable only with no local over-the-air affiliate.
Could someone with more US media knowledge please come along and point out and correct the mistakes I’m sure I made?