Aether has mass. A change in state of that which has mass is energy. In fusion and in fission there is no loss of mass. There is a change in the amount of matter. There is also a change in the amount of aether.
Mass is conserved.
de Broglie waves are physical waves.
‘Interpretation of quantum mechanics by the double solution theory - Louis de BROGLIE’
"I had no doubt whatsoever about the physical reality of waves and particles.”
“any particle, even isolated, has to be imagined as in continuous “energetic contact” with a hidden medium”
The hidden medium of de Broglie wave mechanics is the aether.
In de Broglie wave mechanics it is the aether which physically waves.
Well, it depends on your definition of mass to some extent. Mass, as defined by Chronos above, i.e. the portion of the energy of a system that can’t be transformed away, is indeed conserved. According to this definition, for instance, a system of photons, all of which are massless, may have mass, and this mass is certainly conserved in decay processes.
Even using this concept, however, once we get to general relativity, mass conservation does no longer hold absolutely, at least globally—the aforementioned system of photons in an expanding space will suffer redshift, and thus, loose mass.
And according to more ‘everyday’ definitions, which I think includes your ‘that which occupies three dimensional space’, it’s certainly not conserved.
If they exist, they may well be, but they certainly aren’t gravitational waves. In particular, it’s not a wave in spacetime, as it depends on (for example) the coordinates of all the particles of a physical system, rather than the spacetime point (i.e. it’s not a field whose value is given by evaluating it at a certain spacetime point, it is only determined by examining the entire configuration of the system; this must be the case in order to account for the nonlocal effects of quantum mechanics). It thus can’t be ripples in the aether, if you intend aether to mean some space-filling medium.
The only case in which this description works is that of a single particle (which IIRC is what de Broglie was mostly concerned with), because of the fact that the configuration space of the single particle is basically the same as the three dimensional position space, due to there being only three coordinates to keep track off. But already for the simplest system with any interaction, that of two particles, the wave function depends on their both of their coordinates, and is thus a function of seven numbers (two times three coordinates plus time), rather than four (three dimensional position plus time), as it would be if it were just a ripple in some aether.
Space itself is not expanding. Our Universe is a larger version of a black hole polar jet.
Mysterious Cosmic ‘Dark Flow’ Tracked Deeper into Universe
“The clusters appear to be moving along a line extending from our solar system toward Centaurus/Hydra, but the direction of this motion is less certain. Evidence indicates that the clusters are headed outward along this path, away from Earth, but the team cannot yet rule out the opposite flow. “We detect motion along this axis, but right now our data cannot state as strongly as we’d like whether the clusters are coming or going,” Kashlinsky said.”
The clusters are headed along this path because our Universe is a larger version of a black hole polar jet.
Cosmos may be curved, scientists say
“Now cosmologists suggest these anomalies occur because the universe is not flat. Instead, these researchers propose the universe may be ever so slightly “open,” curved in such a way that parallel lines, which never converge or diverge when traveling on a flat surface, will eventually diverge from one another, like on a saddle.”
Our Universe is open because it is a larger version of a black hole polar jet.
It’s not the Big Bang; it’s the Big Ongoing.
Mass is conserved.
In de Broglie wave mechanics there is no such thing as non-local effects. When a downconverted photon pair are created, in order for there to be conservation of momentum, they are created with opposite angular momentums. There is no such thing as entanglement. There is no such thing as hidden variables. The downconverted photons are detected with the spins they are detected with because they are created that way.
‘Interpretation of quantum mechanics by the double solution theory - Louis de BROGLIE’
When in 1923-1924 I had my first ideas about Wave Mechanics I was looking for a truly concrete physical image, valid for all particles, of the wave and particle coexistence discovered by Albert Einstein in his “Theory of light quanta”. I had no doubt whatsoever about the physical reality of waves and particles.”
“any particle, even isolated, has to be imagined as in continuous “energetic contact” with a hidden medium”
The hidden medium of de Broglie wave mechanics is the mass of ‘empty’ space. The “energetic contact” is the state of displacement of the mass of ‘empty’ space.
“For me, the particle, precisely located in space at every instant, forms on the v wave a small region of high energy concentration, which may be likened in a first approximation, to a moving singularity.”
A particle is a moving singularity which has an associated displacement wave in the mass of ‘empty’ space.
In a double slit experiment the particle travels a well defined path which takes it through one slit. The associated physical wave in the mass of ‘empty’ space passes through both. As the physical wave exits the slits it creates wave interference. As the particle exits a single slit the direction it travels is altered by the wave interference. This is the wave piloting the particle of de Broglie wave mechanics. Detecting the particle strongly exiting a single slit destroys the coherence between the particle and its associated wave in the mass of ‘empty’ space.
What ripples when galaxy clusters collide is what waves in a double slit experiment; the mass of ‘empty’ space.
Einstein’s gravitational wave is de Broglie’s pilot-wave. Both are waves in the mass of ‘empty’ space.
Of course there is. It, or its more modern development originating with David Bohm, explicitly provides the prime example of a non-local realist (i.e. hidden variable) theory, and de Broglie’s original formulation was likewise non-local. See wiki:
That much is correct, but what follows is known to be wrong by experiment. For any theory of the kind you describe, one can derive certain bounds on the possible correlations known as Bell inequalities; these are necessarily obeyed if the spins have any ‘pre-set’ direction as you describe. However, they are experimentally violated, thus showing that your description is inadequate.
This is quite simply not possible (and ‘waves in the mass of empty space’ doesn’t have any meaning to me, except if you use the word ‘mass’ just to mean something like ‘stuff’, in which case you should not call it ‘mass’). Gravitational waves and the pilot wave are very different objects, as I’ve pointed out.
Perhaps an analogy helps: picture a stone being thrown in a pond. The ripples propagating from the point where it hits the water are a wave defined on the surface of the pond. As all such waves, it is characterized by its amplitude at different points of the lake’s surface at different times. That is, there’s a number A(r,t) that depends on position on the surface, abbreviated r = (x,y), and the time t. For any point of the surface, at any moment in time, it gives basically the amount the point is displaced from flatness, i.e. how much the wave at that point (and time) goes up or down. This is basically your ‘aether wave’, with the pond surface standing in for the aether.
The pilot wave is something quite different. For a single particle, it, also, only depends on a single position and the time; but this ceases to be true for any multi-particle system. It is not characterized by a single number (or more general quantity, like a vector or a tensor) depening on the point in space and time you look at, rather, it depends on the positions of all the particles that constitute the system, Ψ(r[sub]1[/sub],r[sub]2[/sub],…,r[sub]n[/sub],t). They can’t be equal; the aether wave lives on three dimensional space, the pilot wave on a 3*n dimensional space, if there are n particles. This also emphasizes its essential non-locality, which is necessary to reproduce the predictions of quantum mechanics.
Any theory that lacks non-locality, in which nevertheless particles are supposed to have a definite position and momentum, can’t agree with the predictions of quantum mechanics—this is simple mathematics, which could either apply to the real world or not; experimentally, however, it is the predictions of quantum mechanics that are born out, not those of local realistic theories.
I am not discussing Pilot Wave theory. I am discussing de Broglie Wave Mechanics.
Read article:
There are no hidden variables in de Broglie wave mechanics therefore Bell’s Inequality does not apply.
That’s the whole point of de Broglie’s double solution. He is able to determine the statistical probability according to quantum mechanics and also the same statistical probability where both particle and wave are physically real.
I have to constantly say, “mass of ‘empty’ space” as most people mistake particles of matter as the only things which have mass.
Gravitational waves are the waves of de Broglie wave mechanics, as I’ve pointed out.
I am not referring to pilot-wave theory. I am referring to de Broglie wave mechanics where there is a physical particle, a physical wave, and a “hidden medium” which physically waves.
The “hidden medium” of de Broglie wave mechanics is the aether.
Which is the reason for de Broglie’s double solution theory.
‘Interpretation of quantum mechanics by the double solution theory - Louis de BROGLIE’
“The word ‘ether’ has extremely negative connotations in theoretical physics because of its past association with opposition to relativity. This is unfortunate because, stripped of these connotations, it rather nicely captures the way most physicists actually think about the vacuum. . . . Relativity actually says nothing about the existence or nonexistence of matter pervading the universe, only that any such matter must have relativistic symmetry. […] It turns out that such matter exists. About the time relativity was becoming accepted, studies of radioactivity began showing that the empty vacuum of space had spectroscopic structure similar to that of ordinary quantum solids and fluids. Subsequent studies with large particle accelerators have now led us to understand that space is more like a piece of window glass than ideal Newtonian emptiness. It is filled with ‘stuff’ that is normally transparent but can be made visible by hitting it sufficiently hard to knock out a part. The modern concept of the vacuum of space, confirmed every day by experiment, is a relativistic ether. But we do not call it this because it is taboo.” - Robert B. Laughlin, Nobel Laureate in Physics, endowed chair in physics, Stanford University
Matter, a piece of window glass and ‘stuff’ have mass.
They’re the same theory. Look at your article’s equation (J): it’s exactly the modified Hamilton-Jacobi equation in the wiki article I linked to, with the quantum potential likewise as given there ((11) in the paper you linked to). The guidance equation (13) likewise is the same, etc. The appearance of his wave mechanics being defined on three dimensional space only exists because he neglects to treat the many-particle case; any such generalization entails the same non-locality as in the de Broglie-Bohm theory.
They are not the same theory as in de Broglie wave mechanics there is the double solution theory which determines the statistical probability of quantum mechanics and of the physical particle having a physical wave in a hidden medium; the hidden medium being the aether.
‘Interpretation of quantum mechanics by the double solution theory - Louis de BROGLIE’
I think there’s quite a few problems with what you have said, which HMHW covered, but two stick out for me:
The hidden variable in the double solution theory you have posted a brief summary on is the quantum potential. The quantum potential is also non-local, hence the double solution theory is nothing more than a non-local hidden variables theory.
Questions of linearity aside (scanning through the paper you posted de Broglie claims that the linear description of the physical wave is a linear approximation of something that is probably non-linear at its core), clearly gravitational waves are an exceptionally poor candidates to be the physical waves in de Broglie’s theory. An illustration of this is that the free particle solution has a physical wave in de Broglie’s theory, but the most natural corresponding solution in general relativity has no gravitational waves.
More to the point, what kind of wave a matter wave is depends on what kind of matter it is. A gravitational wave is the de Broglie wave of the graviton. An electromagnetic wave is the de Broglie wave of the photon. An electron wave is the de Broglie wave of the electron, and so on.
de Broglie wave mechanics is not a hidden variable theory.
‘Interpretation of quantum mechanics by the double solution theory - Louis de BROGLIE’
“any particle, even isolated, has to be imagined as in continuous “energetic contact” with a hidden medium”
The hidden medium of de Broglie wave mechanics is the mass associated with spacetime.
Lawrence M. Krauss says, “If you removed all of the particles, all of the radiation, absolutely everything from space and all that remained was nothing that nothing would weigh something.”
What weighs something has mass. If everything is removed then all that is left is spacetime. Meaning, mass is associated with spacetime.
Casimir effect
“a “field” in physics may be envisioned as if space were filled with interconnected vibrating balls and springs, and the strength of the field can be visualized as the displacement of a ball from its rest position”
A ‘field’ in physics is the mass associated with spacetime and the strength of the field is the displacement of mass associated with spacetime from its relative rest position.
In the following mass associated with spacetime is shortened to spacetime.
Each of the plates in the Casimir effect displace spacetime. The displaced spacetime which exists between the plates is pushing back toward each of the plates which causes the force associated with spacetime displaced by each of the plates which exists between the plates to offset. This spacetime is more at relativistic rest than the spacetime which is displaced by the plates which encompasses the plates. The reduced force associated with spacetime which exists between the plates along with the displaced spacetime which encompasses the plates which is pushing back and exerting inward pressure toward the plates causes the plates to be forced together.
What occurs physically in nature in the Casimir effect is the same phenomenon as gravity.
There is no such thing as non-baryonic dark matter anchored to matter. Spacetime physically occupies three dimensional space. Spacetime is physically displaced by matter.
The spacetime which exists between the Earth and the Moon is displaced by both the Earth and the Moon and is pushing back toward the Earth and toward the Moon. This displaced spacetime offsets and cancels each other out to some degree. This spacetime is more at relativistic rest than the displaced spacetime which encompasses the Earth and the Moon.
The spacetime which encompasses the Earth and the Moon is able to exert more pressure on the solid matter Earth than it can the liquid oceans. This, along with the molecular bonds associated with the solid matter the Earth consists of, causes the solid matter Earth to be pushed closer to the Moon than the ocean water opposite the Moon. This causes the ocean to ‘rise’ opposite the Moon. The spacetime between the Earth and Moon exerts less pressure on the ocean water than it can the solid matter Earth. This, along with the the molecular bonds associated with the solid matter the Earth consists of, causes the ocean to rise between the Earth and Moon.
In terms of relativity, spacetime is less curved between the Earth and the Moon and more curved encompassing the Earth and the Moon.
In terms of what occurs physically in nature, spacetime is more at relativistic rest between the Earth and the Moon and more displaced encompassing the Earth and the Moon.
Albert Einstein’s ‘First Paper’; a letter to his Uncle
“The velocity of a wave is proportional to the square root of the elastic forces which cause [its] propagation, and inversely proportional to the mass of the aether moved by these forces.”
Einstein is referring to the state of displacement of the mass associated with spacetime.
The velocity of a wave is proportional to the square root of the elastic forces which cause its propagation, and inversely proportional to the mass associated with spacetime displaced by these forces.
Einstein: Ether and Relativity
“Think of waves on the surface of water. Here we can describe two entirely different things. Either we may observe how the undulatory surface forming the boundary between water and air alters in the course of time; or else-with the help of small floats, for instance - we can observe how the position of the separate particles of water alters in the course of time. If the existence of such floats for tracking the motion of the particles of a fluid were a fundamental impossibility in physics - if, in fact nothing else whatever were observable than the shape of the space occupied by the water as it varies in time, we should have no ground for the assumption that water consists of movable particles. But all the same we could characterise it as a medium.”
if, in fact nothing else whatever were observable than the shape of the space occupied by spacetime as it varies in time, we should have no ground for the assumption that spacetime consists of movable particles. But all the same we could characterise it as a medium having mass which is displaced by the particles of matter which exist in it and move through it.
Aether has mass, physically occupies three dimensional space and is physically displaced by particles of matter. Displaced aether pushing back and exerting inward pressure toward matter is gravity.
A moving particle has an associated aether displacement wave. In a double slit experiment the particle travels a well defined path which takes it through one slit while the associated physical wave in the aether passes through both.
There is so much wrong with what you’ve posted: that is not how the Casimir effect works, that is not how general relativity works, I don’t think you understand the concept of spacetime, etc, etc. I’m sorry not to go into detail l, but the relevance of it is lost on me , because I was posting about gravitational waves which you didn’t even touch on.
Also can I ask that you do not re-post things you have already posted unless you have a specific reason for doing so
de Broglie wave mechanics is not pilot-wave theory. de Broglie wave mechanics is not a hidden variable theory.
Einstein’s gravitational wave is a wave in the mass associated with spacetime. de Broglie’s physical wave in wave mechanics is a wave in the mass associated with spacetime.
I have to keep re-positing the same things since people, such as yourself, seem to be unable to differentiate between pilot-wave theory and wave mechanics.
From the link you posted, “At the Fifth Solvay Congress, held in Belgium in October 1927…”
‘Interpretation of quantum mechanics by the double solution theory - Louis de BROGLIE’
“My arguments were presented in Journ. de Phys. May 1927 [2], and titled : “The double solution theory, a new interpretation of Wave Mechanics”. It contained a generalization of a particle’s motion law for the case of any wave ; this generalization was not considered at the start in the particular case of a plane monochromatic wave. Contemplating the success of Quantum Mechanics as it was developed with the Copenhagen School’s concepts, I did for some time
abandon my 1927 conceptions. During the last twenty years however, I have resumed and greatly developed the theory.”
Over twenty years passed from the time of your quote to the article I am referring to. In de Broglie waves mechanics there is a “hidden medium” which waves. The hidden medium is the aether.
In a double slit experiment it is the aether which waves.
When galaxy clusters collide it is the aether which ripples.
Einstein’s gravitational wave is de Broglie’s pilot-wave; both are waves in the aether.
I have to admit that I never once anticipated this as an answer to: “If you can explain the universe, then why can’t you learn to use the quote function properly?”
As with the Spanish Inquisition, apparently your chief weapon is surprise.
Laurence Krauss says in the video if you removed all of the particles, all of the radiation, absolutely everything from space and all that remained was nothing that nothing would weigh something. What weighs something is the aether. Is it not?
Empty space has mass; which means aether has mass.
If aether has mass then there is no such thing as non-baryonic dark matter anchored to matter. Matter moves through and displaces the aether.
If aether has mass then what is labelled as dark matter in the following is the aether.
Hubble finds ring of dark matter
“During the team’s dark-matter analysis, they noticed a ripple in the mysterious substance, somewhat like the ripples created in a pond from a stone plopping into the water.”
If aether has mass then the ‘pond’ consists of aether. If aether has mass then the analogy is two boats which pass by each other very closely. Their bow waves slosh back and forth and create a ripple in the water.
If aether has mass then the ripple created when galaxy clusters collide is an aether displacement wave.
If aether has mass then the ripple created when galaxy clusters collide is a gravitational wave.
What is it about mainstream physicists which makes it impossible for them to understand this?
Both theories are defined by the same equations, the Schrödinger equation and the guidance equation (equivalently, the quantum potential in the modified Hamilton-Jacobi equation, etc.). This means that both theories have the same set of solutions, and thus, that they describe the world in the same way. The Schrödinger equation gives the wave function, which depends on the position of all the particles in the system. Via the guidance equation, this wave function determines the velocities of all these particles. Any particle thus has a well-defined position and velocity at all times; thus, we have a hidden variable theory in both cases, which is non-local due to the instantaneous action by the quantum potential on the individual particles via instant changes in the velocity field.
The difference between both theories is exhausted in the verbiage. In the double solution theory, there are two wavefunctions, one physical, the other simply encoding our knowledge of the system; these are, however, related just by a constant factor, the normalization constant. This is however irrelevant for the physical content of the theory, which is the same as in the pilot wave theory, a physical wave determined by the Schrödinger equation and a set of physical particles with definite position and velocities given via the guidance equation. The non-locality comes in simply through the fact that the wave is a solution of the Schrödinger equation; this also determines that the de Broglie wave is not a gravitational wave, additionally to the fact that they’re simply not defined on the same space.
I know that you don’t want to hear this, but you have built a hermetic system that is evidently very important to you on a personal basis, but the simple truth is that the system is inconsistent from the get-go. You clearly don’t have much, if any, formal training in physics, and you’ve misunderstood some technical language by taking it to have its everyday meaning (unfortunately, physicists often use everyday words—like ‘mass’—with technical meanings differing from their more familiar content). This in itself isn’t bad, everybody does that now and again. But, if you want to form a coherent picture of the world, it’s important to remain corrigible, if your errors are pointed out to you by those familiar with the technical content of what you say. But this you refuse to be; you’ve run down a blind alley and now refuse all attempts at being guided out again.
It doesn’t have to be this way. So you’ve been wrong—big deal, we all have been. Studying physics means basically realizing just how wrong you are about many of the things you take for granted. But if you refuse to reexamie your views, you will start out wrong and remain wrong. Of course, you’ll have the subjective comfort that comes with having a picture of the world that makes sense to you, with perhaps even believing to be superior to others who haven’t seen the light, which can be a strong source of self-identity; but unless you accept the possibility of being wrong (heed Cromwell’s rule, that is), it will be a shallow and false comfort. Living with doubt may be harder to do, but it’s much more rewarding, ultimately: only this way can you learn something new.
So as my last bit of unsolicited advice, I can only urge you to seek out some introductory physics books (there’s been quite a few written expressly for the benefit of a lay audience in recent memory, like Susskind’s The Theoretical Minimum, which gives an introduction to the math needed in physics, or Penrose’s The Road to Reality, which is much more of overview, albeit containing some of the author’s less orthodox views that he is however at pains to point out), rather than obscure papers written in a language you effectively don’t speak, and hope you’ll let yourself be led out of the dead end you’ve stumbled into.
Then that is also true for the following as they all have the same set of solutions.
5 Summary of common interpretations of quantum mechanics
5.1 Classification adopted by Einstein
5.2 The Copenhagen interpretation
5.3 Many worlds
5.4 Consistent histories
5.5 Ensemble interpretation, or statistical interpretation
5.6 de Broglie–Bohm theory
5.7 Relational quantum mechanics
5.8 Elementary cycles
5.9 Transactional interpretation
5.10 Stochastic mechanics
5.11 Objective collapse theories
5.12 von Neumann/Wigner interpretation: consciousness causes the collapse
5.13 Many minds
5.14 Quantum logic
5.15 Quantum information theories
5.16 Modal interpretations of quantum theory
5.17 Time-symmetric theories
5.18 Branching space-time theories
5.19 Other interpretations
When your 19th interpretation of what occurs physically in nature is “more interpretations” perhaps it’s time to stop digging.
You are jumping to an incorrect conclusion. Simply due to the particle having a well-defined position and velocity at all times does not, in and of itself, make it a hidden variable theory. In de Broglie wave mechanics you can’t know the particles specific location without detecting it.
There is no such thing as non-locality. In order for there to be conservation of momentum, the downconverted photon pairs are created with opposite angular momentums. The photons are detected with certain spins because they have opposite polarizations.
I know that you don’t want to hear this, but you have built a hermetic system that is evidently very important to you on a personal basis, but the simple truth is that the system is inconsistent from the get-go.
The 19th interpretation of quantum mechanics being “more interpretations” shows how screwed up mainstream physics is.
It doesn’t have to be this way. All you have to correctly understand is that there is no such thing as non-baryonic dark matter anchored to matter, matter moves through and displaces the aether. Aether has mass.
“The reason this is strange is that dark matter is thought to barely interact with itself. The dark matter should just coast through itself and move at the same speed as the hardly interacting galaxies. Instead, it looks like the dark matter is crashing into something — perhaps itself – and slowing down faster than the galaxies are. But this would require the dark matter to be able to interact with itself in a completely new an unexpected way, a “dark force” that affects only dark matter.”
A “new dark force” is unnecessary and more evidence of how screwed up mainstream physics is. The galaxy clusters are moving through and displacing the mass of ‘empty’ space, analogous to the bow waves of two boats which pass by each other very closely.
It is the mass of ‘empty’ space which piles up.
‘Offset between dark matter and ordinary matter: evidence from a sample of 38 lensing clusters of galaxies’
*“Our data strongly support the idea that the gravitational potential in clusters is mainly due to a non-baryonic fluid, and any exotic field in gravitational theory must resemble that of CDM fields very closely.” *
The offset is due to the galaxy clusters moving through the aether. The analogy is a submarine moving through the water. You are under water. Two miles away from you are many lights. Moving between you and the lights one mile away is a submarine. The submarine displaces the water. The state of displacement of the water causes the center of the lensing of the light propagating through the water to be offset from the center of the submarine itself. The offset between the center of the lensing of the light propagating through the water displaced by the submarine and the center of the submarine itself is going to remain the same as the submarine moves through the water. The submarine continually displaces different regions of the water. The state of the water connected to and neighboring the submarine remains the same as the submarine moves through the water even though it is not the same water the submarine continually displaces. This is what is occurring physically in nature as the galaxy clusters move through and displace the aether.
You have to be trying to not understand what occurs physically in nature to not understand ‘empty’ space has mass.
