Well, Jedi, I prefer a person ask kis own questions. I would be doing you a disfavor by attempting to anticipate the direction of your further queries.
Anyway, most sedimentary rocks are formed through the action of water. Siltstones are usually formed from fine grained sediment that settles slowly in standing water, sandstones (except for those that have formed in desert environments) in more turbulent waters, limestones and chalks where water can stand for centuries or longer mostly undisturbed. Each type of sedimentary rock shows the signs of its method of deposition. The really neat stuff is the variety of strata that geologists find-- siltstones overlayed by igneous rocks, then a discontinuity where the stone was exposed for erosion, then earth movements formed a basin and deposition begins again. The fascinating thing is how a trained geologist can tell you the history of the land you are standing on from the stones in the ground. Seas coming in, going out again, deserts, volcanoes, millions of years verifiable history under ever square inch of the land.
Really gives you an appreciation for the age and complexity of God’s Green Earth.