In the United States, one of the first animated series that embodied the characteristics of animé for me was, Johnny Quest. After that came the (in)famous Speed Racer, Marine Boy, Astro Boy and Kimba (The White Lion). Was there an animé based animation series that predated Johnny Quest in the United States?
Jonny Quest is the only American cartoon of the bunch. The others you listed, Marine Boy, Astro Boy and Speed Racer are all Japanese imports.
Now, if you’re referring to a show that draws influence from a Japanese program in terms of style, then that’s different. I don’t recall JQ drawing influence from anime, but I do think it’s one of the best old-school Hanna-Barbera shows out there. (and the Freakazoid spoof is a laugh riot)
Other notable early Japanese imports include Tobor the Eighth Man, Prince Planet, Gigantor, and of course live-action gems like Ultraman, The Space Giants and even Spectreman.