I was in a small rural school district during most of my childhood. In the elementary school, they grouped classes roughly by ability level. So, for instance, at each grade level, there would be an advanced class, an advanced average class, an average class, and a slow class. This worked really well for me. I could really tell a difference when I hit high school, and was forced into a couple of classes that weren’t ability grouped; my 9th grade history was below the level of what I’d been taught in elementary school. Fortunately, you could choose advanced English classes, and the math classes and higher level science classes were by default more advanced if you chose higher level classes.
Cut to today, when I’m a Mom of two. Our school system uses magnet schools to attempt to get socioeconomic diversity in the schools. (In other words, they don’t want too many low-income students dumped in the inner city schools.) In order to do this, the place magnet schools in the inner-city, and use the nifty programs there to attract higher-income suburban families into them.
This is good in theory, but highly inequitable in practice. Our county is 865 square miles in area. That means that the Gifted and Talented magnet schools my children are eligible to apply for are more than 18 miles from our home. In addition, only about 40% of students who apply to these schools each year get in.
In order to make the magnet schools attractive, the school system specifically forbids the traditional schools to offer much in the way of electives. For instance, at the middle grade level, they recently mandated that the traditional middle schools stay at a 6 period day to minimize their opportunity to skirt around the system. The complete list of all schedule options students have at his school fits on one page. For the GT magnet school, however, it takes 23 pages to describe their magnet options. Since my son is in band, band is the one and only elective he will ever have the opportunity to take. Additionally, the traditional schools are forbidden to track academically gifted students separately from the other students. If your child is identified as academically gifted in the 3rd grade, they are eligible for “enrichment.” In our school, this means your child gets pulled out of class for 45 minutes a week of enrichment activities. If he is identified as AG in only one subject — say only in math, but not language arts — he is pulled out of class only for that subject. Thus, he would get 45 minutes every week for only half the year.
I’ve run the numbers on enrollment figures for the magnet vs. traditional schools. In a school system with 114,000 students, approximately 29,000 are in program magnet schools. About 17,000 are given base assignments to these schools, meaning they don’t have to apply; about 10,000 are applicants to the magnet program. In other words, we are holding back the elective and programs for academically gifted student offerings for 85,000 students in order to attract in 10,000 students to the magnet programs. There are gifted students here all right — it’s the wealthy students who happen to live in the center of the county who live close to the magnet programs, and/or get automatic assignments into them. For those of us in the outer edges of the county where they magnet programs are too far away to be practical, it’s just too damned bad.