It sounds like you’re asking about the marginal cost per strip—basically, how much it costs to make one more, once they’re already set up to make them. But it’s important to remember that that’s not the only cost that the manufacturer has to cover in order to break even, let alone make a profit. There are also costs involved in research and development, equipment and facilities, employee salaries and benefits, etc. that have to be covered somehow.
That said, I don’t know the answer to your question, but I did some googling. Here, for what it’s worth, are some of the things I found.
Your distinction between marginal cost and average cost is valid, of course, but it goes to confirm that the US market for pharmaceuticals is fundamentally broken. Basic economic theory predicts that in a perfect market with no entry barriers, the market price will tend towards marginal cost. Sure, no market is truly perfect, but the one for pharmaceuticals is particularly imperfect.
Thank you, T.B. It’s probably unanswerable. That being said, I don’t think there have been any improvements in test strip technology for a couple decades so research and development can’t be much of a factor.
Based on this and the fact that they all do the same thing and are pretty much equally accurate I amend my guesstimate as to the per strip cost. I say less than a penny.