I bought a silicone cover for my new keyboard. I hang my keyboard from a loop next to my chair and the cover would just fall off. When double-backed tape and superglue did nothing, I ran a little line of stitches on one end of the cover, and superglued the thread to the keyboard. On the other end of the keyboard I tried just putting a couple of staples in and gluing the prongs. Fascinating anecdote…over.
I have to say my initial reaction to your title was “Can’t be done.”
Upon reading the post I see you have proven that with sufficient willpower the impossible can be achieved. Sort of.
What hasn’t been answered is whether it was wise to create this eldritch staple / thread / silicone / keyboard horror, nor why anyone would hang a keyboard off a loop on a chair. So the mystery continues. 
I had a similar problem recently trying to create a seal between my laptop and an external cooling fan. Like this.
It comes with little silicone sleeves in various sizes to attach to the output vent. But it just wasn’t tight enough; as the reviews had warned me, duct tape would be required.
Only, duct tape doesn’t stick to silicone. I’d be ashamed to say how many times I tried before I finally realized that just ditching the silicone sleeve was the answer. Now my laptop is running nice and cool with it’s new 100% duct tape MacGyver gasket.
I am wondering if anything sticks to silicone.
(I find I can easily remove silicone caulk that was applied 10 years ago.)
I live in my recliner next to which is a rustic farm table looking thing. I put hooks in the table and glued loops on my remotes, a spray bottle of lens cleaner and the keyboard, which has a nice big knob on the only drawer to hang off of. It’s convenient AF 
Silicone sticks to silicone.
Right. There are glues, silicone based of course, made just for gluing silicone to other materials. But plain old silicone caulk works perfectly well.
Silicone adhesives like window & tile caulks, automotive radiator repair glue & Shoo-Goo are very, VERY sticky when wet. But when dried or cured, they do seem to resist soiling and staining better than most materials. But it isn’t glossy or slippery, exactly, and it is particularly friction-y against itself. Neat stuff.
Shoe Goo is not silicone.
Shoe Goo is composed of: Styrene-butadiene, a synthetic rubber with good abrasion resistance. Toluene or tetrachloroethylene solvent. Solvent naphtha, a cleaning/degreasing solvent.
It’s quite sticky and adheres well when dried. Don’t huff it - those solvents are nasty.
If I can’t huff Shoo Goo, then the terrorists have won.
ETA: can’t huff Shoo Goo, can’t eat fugu. Sigh.