Tudor era theologian and prelate Thomas Cranmer ratted and then rEratted, so to speak.
After acting as Henry VIII’s lead man in the divorce case against Catherine of Aragon he eventually rewarded by appointment as Archbishop of Canterbury. H8 remained a virtually doctrinal Catholic, but after he died and was succeeded by his son Edward VI Cranmer led the way toward increasing Protestantism.
All that worked fine until E6 died, and was succeeded by Catherine of Aragon’s daughter Mary. The new English monarch had been degraded to the status of bastard by the downfall of her mother, which Cranmer had engineered, and consequently wasted as little time as possible in removing Cranmer from office and trying him as a heretic.
Cranmer’s inquisitors may have held out some hope that his life might be spared if he recanted; for whatever reason Cranmer did wholly recant his earlier anti-Roman Catholic actions and beliefs, in writing, signature appended. Unfortunately for Cranmer he was not rewareded with any mercy, but was sentenced to burn at the stake.
Cranmer agreed to preach a church sermon confirming his recantation in the hour or so before his sentence was carried out. However, a few paragraphs into the sermon Cranmer recanted his recantation with these words:
(link: Thomas Cranmer’s Final Speech)
“And now I come to the great thing that troubleth my conscience more than any other thing that ever I said or did in my life: and that is, the setting abroad of writings contrary to the truth. Which here now I renounce and refuse, as things written with my hand contrary to the truth which I thought in my heart, and writ for fear of death, and to save my life, if it might be: and that is, all such bills, which I have written or signed with mine own hand, since my degradation; wherein I have written many things untrue. And forasmuch as my hand offended in writing contrary to my heart, therefore my hand shall first be punished. For if I may come to the fire, it shall be first burned. And as for the Pope, I refuse him, as Christ’s enemy and antichrist, with all his false doctrine.”
At that point Cranmer was physically removed from the pulpit and hauled off to the stake. His was a good as his word regarding his right hand, the one he signed his original recantation with: after the fire was lit he actually did put his right hand into the flames and did keep it there until his entire body was engulfed:
(link: Primary Source Eyewitness):
“Fire being now put to him, he stretched out his right hand, and thrust it into the flame, and held it there a good space, before the fire came to any other part of his body; where his hand was seen of every man sensibly burning, crying with a loud voice, ‘This hand hath offended.’ As soon as the fire got up, he was very soon dead, never stirring or crying all the while.”