There’s no question that MLB treats young American and non-American prospects differently. They have a draft for Americans (and Canadians and Puerto Ricans) and don’t for others. This differential treatment almost certainly plays a role in the growing percentage of Latins in MLB.
It isn’t obvious which system is better, worse, or “more exploitative”. The draft, after all, wasn’t instituted to “protect” American players, it was instituted to prevent bidding wars by allowing each prospect to sign with one and only one team. So does the lack of a draft “exploit” Latin Americans, or does it do them a favor?
Most likely, some of both. Under a draft, teams have to wait until a player gradutes high school (age 18) or, if he chooses to attend college, until after his junior year (age 21). They have no incentive to develop players before that time, because they can’t sign them and reap the benefits. Ergo, player development is left to schools, parents, and whatever youth leagues might be available in a player’s neighborhood.
Football and basketball work the same way, and have seen no dimunition in African-American participation. But baseball requires more sophisticated equipment and training to develop skills, and many inner city schools have either dropped it or run inferfior programs. Ergo, the institution of a draft and the ban on signing high-school-age players has weakend African-American participation.
In Latin America, there is no draft, and teams can sign players as long as they’ll turn 17 by the end of the current season. So the modus operandi is to sign as many players as you can, as young and as cheaply as you can, and then develop them at your own facilities–because they aren’t yet ready to come to the U.S. and play minor league baseball, and because once you’ve signed a player, you don’t leave his development in the hands of outsiders.
Given this m.o., even the poorest Latin player has the opportunity to benefit from MLB-supplied equipment and training from age 16 forward. And naturally, some of them make the major leagues and swell the percentage of Latins. But also, many of them don’t, and the “academies” inevitably take on the aura of cattle feedlots taking a lot of young players in and spitting most of them out.
So, what do we do about this? Do we abolish the draft for Americans? Do we really want MLB teams signing black American kids and taking them out of school at age 16, even though this would result in more playing MLB? No, I don’t think that we do.
Do we make the draft worldwide, so Latins work under the same rules? This is probably coming, and it will mean that Latin player development to age 18 is left to Latin schools and youth leagues, which will probably skew the market toward more affluent players as it does in this country. And, over time, it will probably mean a dimunition in the number of Latin major leaguers.
Or we can make inane comments about Latins being “easier to control”, and do nothing.